
Copyright!]? 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



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njtefon rutf may 



n^mio nniys »nnipn riafch n« ninin^ 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 

WITH 

EXERCISES AND VOCABULARIES 

BY 
H. E. GOLDIN. 



— PUBLISHED BY— 

S. DRUCKERKAN, 50 Canal Street, 

NEW IOEK 1908. 



\s> 



r ' 



-?*" fc1 



UBfiAKY of CONGRESS 

Two Copies ttece^ud 

DEC 9 1907 

1/7 Oapyrigni Entfjf 

f /ffiZ?* 



Copyright 1907 
by S. Druckerman 






PREFACE. 

The aim of this book is to give students of 
Hebrew a fair preparation for constructing easy sen- 
tences, and chiefly to acquire the fundamental rules 
of the Hebrew grammar. 

At the beginning of every lesson, some rules of 
grammar are inserted, so that students may become 
familiar with them before they start with their prac- 
tical work. These rules are expressed in an easy and 
precise language, and any one familiar with the terms 
of grammar will be able to understand them without 
the aid of a teacher. 

The words in the vocabularies and the senten- 
ces in the exercises are selected mostly from those 
words and phrases used in every day discourse, in 
order to make them agreeable to a student of mi- 
nor age. 

The introduction is prepared mainly for an adult 
student who is not as yet familiar with the alphabet 
and the rudimental rules of reading and pronunciation. 

T am greatly indebted to Mr. H. Malachow 
and to my friend Mr. B. N. Silk for their valuable 
suggestions made from time to time. 

New York, October 2, 1907. 

H. E. GOLDIN. 



Hebrew First Yean 

INTRODUCTORY. 

THE ALPHABET. 

The Hebrew is read from right to left, and the 
alphabet consists of twenty-two letters, all consonants. 
Five of these letters, when at the end of a word, take 
a different form and are called finals. 

FORM 

PRINTED WRITTEN NAME SOUND 



K 


IC 


Aleph 


Not pronounced 


3 


£> 


Beth 


5 


2 


9 


Veth 


V 


il or J 


/ 


Gimel 


g hard 


^orl 


9 


Daleth 


d 


n 


t) 


He 


h 


i 


/ 


Vau 


V 



* 


. n j i v k i rt ' 3 » 


n*--vaj? 








ii 


FORM 






PRINTED 


WRITTEN 


NAME 


SOUND 


| t 


.4 


Zain 


Z 


n 


n 


Cheth 


German eh 


D 


6 


Teth 


t 


i 


; 


Yod 


y in yes 


2 





Caph 


k 


1 


? 


Final Caph 


Same as 2 


D 




Chaph 


German eh 


1 


n 


Final Chaph 


Same as 3 


!> 


f 


Lamed 


I 





H 


Mem 


m 


D 


D 


Fina 1 Mem 


Same as ft 


2 


J 


Nun 


n 


\ 




Final Nun 


Same as J 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



III 



FORM 



PRINTED WRITTEN NAME 



SOUND 



D 





Samech 


s in sea 


V 


& 


Ain 


not pronounced 


S 


® 


Pe' 


P 


D 





Phe' 


f 


"1 


J 5 


Final Phe 


Same as £ 


X 


3 


Tsadi 


ts 


r 


* 


Final Tsadi 


Same as ¥ 


p 


? 


Koph 


k 


-i 





Resh 


r 


«* 


e 


Shin 


sh 


& 


5> 


Sin 


s in sea 


n 


/) 


Tau 


t 


n 


>) 


Thau 


s in sea 



• m i ff k n mv n •n a y 







IV 




VOWELS. 




FORM 


NAME 


SOUND 


( ) 

T 


Kamets 


o in son 


<_) 


Patach 


a in father 


(J or (• ) 


Tsaray 


a in fate 


(...) 


Segol 


e in cell 


(\) 


Chirik 


i in police 


(.) 


Chirek 


i in it 


i (•) 


Cholem 


o in go 


i 


Shurek 


oo in room 


( ) 


Kubbutz 


u in pull 



There is another mark ( . ) sh'va, placed under 
a letter withont having a full sound, as the e in Mow. 

There are three compound vowels: ( ) Chataph 
Patach, which has the sound of a, ( ) Chataph Kam- 
etz which has the sound of o, and ( ) Chataph Segol 
which has the sound of ^. These vowels are sometimes 
placed under the letters jj n H N> instead of a simple 
sh'va, in order to strengthen their pronunciation. Pa- 
tach under n PI a ^ the en d of a word, is pronounced 

before its consonant: as pfrx f-Zo-aft nn ru-ach. 

"I « "i 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW r 



ACCENT. 
The accent is either on the last syllable of a 
word and is called jr^p, or on the penult and is then 
called b^bp- Most of the words are JT&p. Tne accent 
on the penult is indicated by a vertical stroke below 
the syllable called metheg; every word without such 
stroke is consequently jrfe. 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



1. 

The Hebrew language has no indefinite article. A or 
an must therefore be supplied by the student whenever 
the sense requires it; as ^ a boy. 

The definite article is the prefix n followed by a 
dagesh 1) $jft ; as ^wjn the boy; before «, W and ^ it 
is n 2); as 2tfn the father, w-jrt the friend, mil the pen. 

T T T '~|"T '"T 

mother, Dtf teacher, (m.) niiD 

friend, (m) jn pupil, (m) TDbn 

pen, tDj; boy, nj;: 

tree, vj; father, 2K 

.Tgan » ^jtt .3 . Tcfrnn > Tp^n .2 .mien , rnto .1 
.( 2 .tayn , dj? -7 .( 2 .jnn , jn .6 -nan , d« *> .^xn , d« .4 
, 2m , jnn , &jsi .10 .tid^h ,3k , in., 2% .9 pgn , p jr .8 

1. A boy, the boy. 2. A pupil, the pupil. 3. A tea- 
cher, the teacher. 4. A tree, the tree. 5. A friend, the 
friend. 6. A mother, the mother. 7. A father, the fa- 
ther. 8. A pen, the pen. 9. A tree, a mother, a teacher. 
10. The tree, the mother, the teacher. 



1) A dot in the centre of the letter. 2> The letters k, H/ n, $? and "\ 
do not admit of a DAGESH. 

— 5 — 



♦ m i tp k v n i v nnny 



2. 

There are only two genders in Hebrew, the mascu- 
line *-£T and the feminine 'n^Dl- 

t t t • •■ : 

An adjective always agrees in gender with the 
noun which it qualifies. To form the feminime of adje- 
ctives add n to the masculine; as ^ftj good, mas., n^itD 

T T 

good, fern. 

The position of adjectives is always after their 
nouns; as 2i£ *)Jttj a g 00 ^ boy. 

sister, nintf teacher, (A) nito 

T T 

good, kind iift pupil, (f.) rpND^l 

bad > in girl, rnj^L 

beautiful, nice, (nS H ) n£^ brother, ntf 

- ! T t V T T 

t - : " t • : - t t 

n« .? .rata dx , nto ns .4 . n&> mja , r& *\y: .3 . rnn 
/ VI TCI - 7 'ns' n?„ , jn w > 2ia jn -6 .hep ninx , ns< 

T , . T • T -)•• T T T . . ^ 

nx , nTtf?n ,rnia .9 .rata ninx ,aia n« .8 .nm r ™ 

•nan , iTiwrn >mten .10 

T T t • : - - •.. . . . - 

1. A good brother, a good sister. 2. A bad boy, 
a bad girl. 3. A nice boy, a nice girl. 4. A good teacher 
(fli* and /.). 5. A bad pupil (a*, and f.). 6. A beautiful 
tree, a good .friend, a bad pen. 7. A bad brother, a bad 
sister. 8. A good father, a good mother. 9, A sister, a pen, 
a friend. 10. The sister, the pen, the friend. 

— 6 — 



FIRST YEAE IN HEBREW 



3. 

An adjective must agree in number (as well as in 
gender) with the noun which it qualifies. 

Masculine nouns and adjectives form their plural 
by adding D^ to the singular; as ftj? a pen, Q^y pens. 



plural, b»3*i 
DTI 

onto 

dtik 
irate 

*• T 



SINGULAR, ^fT 1 

• T 

. n 

in.; 
rnto 



little, small, (D^top /H|tpp) Jttp r uncle, *jh 

big, large, (D^ilS irhtft) frtt - aunt, ^ 

: t : t T 

idle, lazy (ub^ ,ity$) b^\ garden, jj 

diligent, (UW\T\ ,TfflWl) Win room, (pi. tmn) inn 

T T T I T "T "J ViV 

, jn td^a .2 .rata onto ,n5te mft , sta Yvn .1 

^ t ■ : - " * T T 



. m i ff k n n^ nnny 



p - 5 .ubvy dtik , r6ity nins , buy m .4 .DTnn Dnjtt 

J- . .. _. . . T ..r-_. T ..»- T T T , r r . 

wy,n& vy ;D^ra omn ^ru rn .6 .D-^ha d^h , bft-i 

.. »-.. ._. T i r.. . T _. T ..|.. . . . _ T 

•D^nn D'nft , pin nil -9 -rupp nirw , ]®p T m -8 .d^ 
-d^ omn ,n& Tin .11 -d^j; onjtt ^y ijn .10 

• t • t-: v t v|v • •■'-; - r r: • ■ t -|- 

1. A good boy. a good girl, good boys. 2. A bad 
pen, bad pens. 3. A small garden, small gardens. 
4. A big room, big rooms. 5. A diligent brother, a dili- 
gent sister, diligent brothers. 6. A lazy uncle, a lazy 
aunt, lazy uncles. 7. A beautiful garden, beautiful gar- 
dens. 8. A lazy pupil (m. and f.), lazy pupils. 9. A big 
tree, big trees. 10. A little boy, a little girl, little boys. 



To form the plural of feminine nouns and adjec- 
tives omit the n and add fli to the singular; as JTTH s., 

T T 

rfrtin p.; rate s-, nuto p. 



PLURAL, ntel 


singular, rnTT 1 

t • ; 


nftip 


mto 

T 


nrrp^n 


t • : - 


nin% 


rfij&. 


nto« 


0.8 


t - : 


T 


rvvrn 


rnft 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



PLURAL. 


SINGULAR. 


niai 


D>sn 


rrprp 

t • : 




• T 


ntato 


Mta 


T 




^■B 


nip 

^ T 


*• T 


njn 

*T T 




^ T 


T 


• T 


T T 




V T 


ntonj 


tr^ti 


T 




T 


nl3^p> 


p^DfD 


naoi? 




1?R 


nttnn 

T 


DTnn 

T 


T T 




pnn 


r^V_. 


D*^ 


"^2: 




&S> 


you, 


(to. jd.) nn^ 


I, (TO. 


and f.) 


"M 


you, (f. p.) «jn« 


you, (TO. 5.) , 


T ~ 


they, (to.) nn 


you, 


, (A «0 


rx 




they, (f.) jn 




he, 


OTl 




here, ji}3 




she, 


trn 




there, q^ 


we, (to. an 


d /".) uma 



I aw diligent, v*nn ^X 

He is a teacher, rnto Kin 

We are here, nb WtiK 

r ..... .. *^ T ... T _' .._._. 

rrto ton * ^v mto ron - 3 • n&p rrrb&i nx , rrann 

t v T ••'-: t • : - : - t t 

1) The dagesh of 3 3 «Q and fi is omitted when the preceding word 
ends in j ! , j-j, y or 1 SILENT. 

— 9 — 



• rm tf *M m nn^y 



uroa .5 .n^iin D H ny: on« * D^tap ehjo uro« .4 .nate 
. Dtp dpi , nfa wjjk .6 . rftosfc rvhjtt jn« # nfenn nhja 
.rfato rvftft , D-rito DH'n .nftnn rtTiK , d%£ d™ .7 
•Dtf dkh > na n«n -io .rtffni rfny: in , D^tsp D^y: on -9 

t •• t t t : t: I •• • -I : • r r: 

,nte* niny: , d^ nnyj ; r\& mja / ns" ^ .n 

1. I am a good boy. 2. You are a lazy pupil (w. 
and f.). 3. He is a good teacher. 4. She is a bad girl. 
5. We are diligent pupils (m. and A). 6. You are good 
uncles. 7. You are little girls. 8. We are here, they are 
there (m. and f.). 9. A nice brother, a nice sister; nice 
brothers, nice sisters. 10. I am here, she is there. 

5- 

PRESENT TENSE, hfrl 
To watch, keep, nfi# 

T 

I watch, am watching, f ^ , ^ 

you watch, are watching, rr\Q\& J fitf fibW ] HMK 

"ir | : " " i 
she watches, is watching, rfiDittf I frW f Kin 

T . V. v 

we wateh, are watching, MtfljN c Wni& 

y©u watch, are watching, flhBl# «| JfiK ,thtSW DHK 

I ,v " * : i 
they watch, are watching, *n ( gpj 

who? ^ to sit, dwell, stay, 3#i 

T 

where? nj« ,rvto^ ,d\??^ ,n:^ ^v 

also, even, D2 to write, in2 

T 

— 10 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 

to, at, -$ fy .niarria »D^ni? .narria ,ar.ia 

in, with, -3 letter, anap 

to the (* ,-*? ,-*? in the, with the ( l ,3 ,-3 

T T 

rrtnjan rDnpitf onj^n rnnpltf rnj?|n /ipitf nj;^_n .1 

, D'Qtf? D'nftn .3 .nania mftn , ante Tftn .2 .ninoW 

> 133 natfv n\i -5 ? jm njn , mten rra .4 .niatfv niTftn 

I t - . |v It It r -\- T : 

? ratDp nny: , anaa nania n« ^ 6. . q# nimn oa 

t- I: t^-.|- r : ■ V |v : - • : t t - :t 

aan .9 ? Tina ntf a#v "d .8 .mte^ anas nania "is .7 

t t vv t ■• • t : v |v • -: 

pa , own D^pte on 10. -a'anap ania twi ; d^ attfi* 
nnja -13 .ns atrv mien .12 ? ns a&r ^o .11 -ntonn :nx 

. r r: .. v - ... T 1 v _ 

•mpjD D^ania D^ra 

1. The father watches, the mother watches. 2. The 
friends are writing; the sisters are writing. 3. To whom 
are you (m. p.) writing letters? 4. We are writing let- 
ters to the teacher. 5. Where is the father, little boy ? 
6. He is sitting in the garden, also the brothers are 
there. 7. Who is sitting there in the room ? 8. The tea- 
cher {f.) is sitting there. 9. She is lazy, also you {m. s.) 
are lazy, 10„ I write a letter to the uncle. 

to break, -j^ to stand, *]fiy 

.nrpis^Dnaitf 'nnaitf ^aitf .niipty/pripty *rnpty npij; 

1) The prefixes 3 IN, 3 AS and P TO are contracted with the article 
H into 3/ 3 and ^5 with H into 3' 3 and ?• 

-'--TTTT 

— -IV — 



. m i ff k n n*v nn^y 



pencil, pnsy to learn, study, nb^ 

always, Ton rvraft ,0*10^ ,mDfc noil? 

• t : • ! V|V 

and (* ,-i ,-«i now, nng 

sign of the objective case, (ns) ( 2 HK 
A diligent pupil, py-in Tp*?fi 

The diligent pupil, ( 3 pnnn TD^fiTJ 
The pupil is dihgent, pr.n TtAfin 

. • T ~; V T • ^"T VT~ ^"T •/ T • W " 

rnyn * r6sy mja -3 . D^ina oninn , D^fnan D ¥ rrnn 

, r-_. — T .. r-_. /... . : . T _. _ . ._ • t-: - 

, rfixzpn nhjttn > ni-ifcp. rtf-ijy .4 . r6xj£ rnjan , tftxgn 
rah* fnnn TD^rin .6 ? *nna d^ nt^ *p .5 .ni-i&p nhjttn 
rniitf nappn rnjarj .8 . ^3 rnpty r\^n .7 . ncyftl d$ 
rarta D^apn D^jjin .9 . D^insyn run dwh n« Ton 
?ns "pi ntf *p .10 .o^ga d^ D^inin D*?j»rn 'CPtffeja 
nnj; ^ jtppn (David) m .12 . ni-nn ( 4 nta a«n D k f .11 

• D^insyn pk Tan nniat town 

: r 'i t v • t •• ■**tV 

1. A big brother, the big brother, the brother is 
big. 2. A little sister, the little sister, the sister it little. 



* * __ 1) Before words begining with 3 D 3 or use 5 for AND. 2) Used before 
a definite object only. 3) The definite article is written PI befor n and V* 

T T 

4) After the conjunction ) AND, 3- 3/ S3 and fl omit the DAGESH 

— 12 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 

3. Lazy boys, the lazy boys, the boys are lazy. 4. Good 
teachers (f.), the good teachers, the teachers are good. 
5. The little boys always break the pens and the pen- 
cils. 6. The diligent boys are sitting now in the room 
and studying. 7. Who is standing in the garden ? 8. The 
good aunt is standing there. 9. We are good and diligent 
girls. 10. They (f) are sitting in the garden and studying. 
11. You (m. p.) always break the pencils. 12. She is stan- 
ding now in the room. 

7. 

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. 

my uncle, "qfa my / 

your uncle, (m. s.) C 1 (^l") Iftfa your, (m. s.) (^ ) ?j 

your uncle, (f. s.) ^rfa your, (f. s.) n 

his uncle, "ftft his, i 

her uncle, mft her, n 

T t 

our uncle, \Tfr\ our, sjj 

your uncle, (to. p.) ayrft your, (m. p.) m 

your uncle, (f. p.) j;nn your, (/. p.) p 

their uncle, (m.) Q'-jft their, (m.) q 

T T 

their uncle, (/.) pfa their, (f.) j 

My uncle is good, ^ift nil 
My good uncle, nfen *Tfa 



1) Used at the end of a clause or sentence. 

— 13 — 



.rm»K-i mv nnap 



lamp, candle-stick, *) niiJO tnis > ("•■) HT 

but, £jn this, (A) riKT 

T — 

Add possessive adjectives to p ,ftj; »Tp*?ri and 3TpD 

npty ^jrn inn ■sprj - 4 -^jn jn ^JD - 3 -^l ^™? T 9£ 
nmra ratf i* a\n .6 ? nstsp mja > to« nw - 5 -^a? nng 

t i v : vi.- • t - I - i r -:- I _ I . • T 

*ibW into .8 ? 02:3 as nnp nsitf "D .7 .rarao runtoi 

v : - v i ~ '■■ ' • t : • v|v 

•rrcnrri nato urrtna tea , r&sjn njn pnin« - 9 ua n>s 
-*b« rutt ? ntf? *s =12 .pto nr * nt \p .11 -nEn toa ma .10 
-oitf jDpn "spja - 15 -na* tfwp nw .14 .nsj Tin nr -is 
nnjj mpip nVftjn Yuan .16 .D^ns^n nKi D*pj?n r« Tpn 
rnns Dtfv wn -is ? o^ap onj;: , onto rtw .17 .'rnna 

ontn 

1. My brother is bad and lazy. 2. My lazy brother 
is standing now in your (to. s.) room. 3. Your (f. s.) sis- 
ter is good and diligent. 4. Your (f. s.) good and diligent 
sister is sitting now in our garden and writing letters. 
5. His pupil is diligent but yours (your pupil) (to. p.) is 
bad and lazy. 6. Their (m.) little boy is breaking the 
lamp. 7. Who is this (to.) % This is their (f.) teacher. 
8. This is a beautiful candle-stick. 9. Her little sister is 
good and diligent : she is always sitting in her small room 
and studying. 10, We are good pupils (f.)> but you (to, p.) 



1) Nouns ending in H are feminine 

— 14 



FIEST YEAK IN HEBKEW 

are bad pupils. 11. Who is this (f.) ? This is my big 
sister. 12. Where is your uncle, little girls ? 13. He is 
sitting in our room. 14 His little boy always breaks 
the pencils* 

8- 

to sell, niQ chair, (m.) (* (pi. niNDS) ND5 

T ..... 

r nli3iD»D , nDian ta DlDf fc T3to table, (m.) (i (pi. ni:rfeO jr6# 

on, upon, ^j; blackboard (m.) slate, (* (nirp6) Tvf? 

at, before, ^s£ glass, cup, (A) DiS 

who, that, which ( 2 -n ,-n chalk, jifiplp 

nrfigan -2 . ton tin nnrp KDan bj; aigfti ngp .1 
mien .3 .an wnina rontei jn^sn ^ naaftn njjtoprr 

T ..... ... , v . I T . % - .. . . ... , v - T - I : - 

rftvb by_ )to^p^ niani^ 1 ! ninety r.tvp'pnrn ,km ty_ ngjtffr 
. te« ^ nrop ant» a d# ataft nil -6 s^nna ^0 

Tan rraitf nutDpn nnfriK .9 .nrrtoi nixD3 ,rw6# 

• t v|v t - 1 : - t -: : : • t : "- 

Dis rraij; rmns n:rb& by .10 .rvhton nxi ntoisn dk 

v|v ^ t : v : t t : \ r - : - v : 

on niais rvteKn -is .q^m nferibm , D^nn niirtowi 12 

• t • - I : , : • - : ■ : T : \ - 

vm ;kyi ^ninx ugi n« mown mysn .14 .traiia r.iaxn 



1) Many masculine nouns form their plural in PS I as 2K # pi. ]TDX« 

T T 

2) Used with the present tense only. See lesson 1. 

— 15 — 



• m i ff k v m ff n n r; 



*sh won n«D2 by Ton ro^i* tm - rrcnm rata nip 

" : ' I T I T- T i ' *- ' T VIV T T ; T t'-; - 

-rftpfri jr6#n 

1. My table is big, and your (m. s.) table is small. 
2. My big table is here, and your (m. s.) small table is 
there. 3. Our chair is nice ; our nice chair is in your (f. 
s.) garden. 4. His little sister always breaks the glasses. 
5. Who is sitting on my chair ? 6. Your (m. s.) mother 
is sitting on your chair at the table and is writing. 
7. The little boy that is standing in the garden is my 
brother. 8. The teacher (m.) is sitting at the table and 
the pupil (m.) is standing and is writing with chalk on 
the blackboard. 9. The fathers are good, also the mothers 
are good. 10. The chairs are small, but the tables are 
big. 11. My uncle sells tables, chairs, slates and lamps. 
12. The boys that are standing in their room are diligent 
pupils; they are always sitting at the table in the gar- 
den and writing. 13. We sell pens, pencils, chalk, slates 
and small lamps. 



9, 



THE PASSIVE PAKTICIPLE, ^J» 



broken, \ 



(m. s.) itttf 

T 

(A s.) ,TOtf 

t : 

(m. p.) d^to^ 
(f- p-) fitnitf 



sold, -| 



0». *.) TOD 

T 

(f. s.) rnpa 

(m. p.) D^TOD 
L ( f -jfi) nlTOD 



— 16 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 

there is not, are not, Vtf 

you (f.p.) are not, do not, p^px I am not, do not, *3Mf 

they (m.) are not, do not, D^N you (m. s.) are not, do not, WK 

they (f.) are not, do not,| p$ you (f. s.) are not, do not, ^tf 

sick, niVln ,D^in rfl^n ,nVin he is not, does not, (fa«»K) ,^|»K 

why, tod she is not,does not, (rmOft&W 

r-\ - t •• t|v •• 

because, for, that, *»3 we are n °t, do not, \IW 
very, *) ^pyou(m.]9.)>renot,donot,02:^ 

nixpsn ,nta^ )rf?#n .2 .niTop nioten ,n»pB |an -i 
w« jnra .4 . ovrins D'arDBn f avis nrasn .3 . on^tf 

jma .6 . ntotf *vy *a ant) ^ .5 ? *jn ^ md nrvto 
w " 1 - T . r-.. . .. . .. 1^,.... v T . . 

. T . , T t • v|v -|v " T-l: t*~*- v|v I- «\ 

m;pbn miDjan wrtmj $ -nsTin^ to n« idId ^ra toari 

otd -io .moft rawi cm Ton rdtW 1 an ^ /ifco njn 

*-'| - V|V t|v •' : t- : • t v|v • : . 'ti 

m d*tdW *wn .11 t D<jn onja ,ti& na d*tdw mra 
arao nbnte prx jnra .12 .nny onoi 1 ? unaa *a dm 

t : : Iv: •• *- | - t'|t •• :|--: v:- 

.oniatf crass *a niarrta to*K «13 inforth jap** to 
|Dpn irrfr -is .fcrn nnjaf |jr6# ty nisipn rnton -i* 
.onutf ^insjn $& *a r.jifclpa ania tot .15 .-ratf 
mjatf wn ^Dia .17 .fin D^in *a Dnb$ py« onjttn .16 
■ran nlat^ jn *$ nto rri^nftjgn .18 -tq^ ^ njj 

1) Always place after an adjective. 

— 17 — 



. m i p n n m p n "» n 3 j? 



das D'Tiwn .20 .-fca ^ ^k ^nn .19 .ni^Dft mn pa 

t ■■ • - t : t |v •• I" :v : It": I"" 

•nimn nvrtKn ^n rDwn 

t t -: t t -: • t 

1. I (m.) am not bad, you (m. s.) are not bad. 
2. You (f. s.) don't study, he does not study. 3. The 
lamp is not broken. 4. The pencils are not broken. 5. The 
little girls don't study now because they are sick. 6. Why 
don't you (f. s.) write a letter to my brother ? 7. I 
don't write because my pen is broken. 8. The big boys 
that are sitting in our garden are sick. 9. Their (m.) un- 
cle sells his table to my father because it *) is very big. 

10. My sister sells the lamp because it *) is not nice. 

11. Why don't they if.) study ? 12. They don't study 
because their mother is sick. 13. We write with chalk 
because the pens and the pencils are broken. 

10. 

The auxiliary verb to do does not exist in Hebrew 
and, in translation, you must change did I sell into 
sold I\ do you sell into are you selling etc. 

PAST TENSE 15JJ 

I watched, have watched, THDtP* 
you {m. s.) watched, have watched, rflD!# 

t :|- t 

you {f. s.) watched, have watched, rnftfc? 



1) When the nominative IT stands for a masculine noun, translate it by 
fcftn; when for a feminine noun, translate it by 60H« 

— 18 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



he watched, has watched, ta ,2t? 

- T 

she watched, has watched, ?VlDtP 

t : t 

therefore, n^ to remember, nit 

no, not, (* & lesson, -fiytf 

to introduce a question, 2 )|yivn yesterday, biDfitf 

Write the past singular of i2tf £h3 ,2&* and ^b^ 

T T T T 

- t : t - t t - • t ■.•:-: : v - t • 

*& z*6 taten *na ,ntsy na rrotf nrwn - 3 -imiraJ n*c 

• T T^" V T :|" T T r " 

rhjan ^ Dn« trafth .6 -fid? n« ni^ "jn /rratf ":« 

t-: — ■ . - • : - t t r " v - t *•••-■ :|- t • -: 

tt- • V : V t: t v;v ^ t t •■ -: t : ^t t t 

rorb *6 m .7 .nnrir naw k\-j tea ,un^i urtw -6 

t :|- t ^- I - V|V t|v '• • t -: ■: :|- -; 

^iana 'MpD w ,atah ^a ,*6 .8 1 r6inn ^pa ^ arpp 
napgi vrtna .10 ijftnpa irfei ty_ aro *p .9 .^x b« Drop 
*nra nnp roa^n raDpn mpan .11 .ritrps rrfen bp rtaro 

• : v : t^- v |v - t - I : - t^-;- - ) :l • - | - '- t : t 

.... - »- T . . - - . .w.. .. . . r„ .. . ._. t ; T 

na mart \rbtin by msy rmhrm /h^ttf n« noVi jr6#n 

t : t : I t : \ - ^ - t : t t • : - - : r " V - t : I t : *•. - 

pb ,vy m proof rw -^ itfT^sa proa n« rnna 

I •■ t ■ *•« v : : - t : - I t • : I - t : ■ v : : -f 

nart jnra .17 .\rtok tea na n^2 rrrn .16 .rftsjD vara 

: : - t r- I - |- : - v - t t I T r- s • :|- t 

^ votf* pk ronatf nteran .18 1 rucp mjn tffcBfri ty 



1) N? followed by a pause means NO. 2) Before K' Hi 11/ J/'Or use H ,* 
before N' H« n and V use H/ otherwise H. 



T T 



— 19 — 



. m i p k n n : v nnny 



rrai? K*n -^d rwim rata *rtnw - 1 - 9 .'•me^i trih#i 

Vlv : t t ; t • :(- t : I t : \ " 

1. I stood yesterday in your (m. s.) garden. 2. You 
{m. s.) have not studied your lesson. 3. You (f. s.) broke 
her slate. 4. He did not remember his lesson yester- 
day. 5. Did she study her lesson ? 6. No, she did not 
study. 7. Your good uncle sold his garden to my father. 
S. The little girl did not study, therefore she does not 
remember her lesson. 9. The big boy that is standing 
now in your (m. p.) room, broke our slate yesterday. 

10. Did your (/. p.) friend write a letter to his teacher % 

11. His mother is very sick, therefore he did not write. 
12* The pens are broken, therefore I write with a pencil. 
13. My brother sold his garden to our uncle. 

11. 

PAST TENSE CONTINUED "QJ? 
we watched, have watched, HjTlDt^ 

:l- t 
} 

you (m. p.) watched, have watched, (* Drno# 

you (f. p.) watched, have watched, (* jrfp# 

they (m. and f.) watched, have watched, YlDfr* 

: t 

apple, n^n to go, walk, ^n 

nut, ruN to eat, ^ 



1) la the second person plural the is changed into • the first letter o 
the ground-form (2HK>) being K/ !"!/ II <.,r JJ it receives 

— 20 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



yes, so, J3 who, that, which, nfc?X 

Write the past singular and plural of niT ,lby ,f?H and b'Dti 

DTnan tt^ox DBh urrfa *?x *?tonx *Bbn un;x .1 

: |- t t : |" v : v : |- t : p " 

ms® nfete fniDpnrnpaft - 3 linen nx tea *o .2 .di^ki 

t : t v -: t - I : - t* 1 :- - • - v - t • • v;v 

^x arpo bionx DMrpn - 4 ••ftnsrg nx dj rte« ,"pj/.nx 
wjn ^x dxi ,wto ^x nr^D wans ,:rtan irrn ,p .5 ? D2*ri£ 
( 2 ^mxi ( 2 5 ^n:xi o'^msn ( x $r6?N] p.? jnntr ]nx .6 .uaro 

t t : - r T:- : |- t : p : v : :| - t 

nan mtsn nx rotf rtim biDnx tttf" n^'x rrtnjran .8 

tt- t : - v : t I"*-: : V : t v ~: r : - 

?DD3m d# ^inn nj^n ton ^ .9 .wito by motf ntfx 

v i - : t I- - r -\~ • I|vt ; '• ^- t: -t v -: 

)rnsbn -12 .D^xDni;xni mrem .11 -]Bj3n tiro* *wi .1° 
■S/imptf nx ttiobxb jib .13 iritoio niTobn rp^iptf nx 
on *p -is ,tf||s n^'x fgn ^jrrtox pa m .rfrin u&k 
ffTjan en .16 ? DTnsn fa«i tii ^ionx vanih im anpan 

• r T : -. " - - : t : I — : v : t v -: •*> : - 

anj» -17 -DTnsn Tpn d^dIx on jg^i ,]sn nx Dnoitfn 
•ns-vi <Dto nx Drrattfo ^rt>tf by omop cnx I dti 

t t - • v v:-: • t : *- ^- v : - *-: v - • r 

1. We stood, you (m. p.) stood. 2. You {f. p.) went 
yesterday to your uncle. 3. They ate apples and nuts in 
our garden. 4. Did you (m. p.) break my slate ? 5. No, 
we did not break your {m. s.) slate. 6. Did you (/. p.) 
go yesterday to your friend ? 7. Yes, we did go there. 



1) See page 20 note. 2) The conjunction 1 AND is written J before ; 
1 before , and 1 before . 



T 

— 21 — 



. mi ff a n hi® m n a y 



8. The little girls that are standing here broke the bea- 
tiful lamp which you (f. jj.) sold to my father. 9. Why 
don't you (f. p.) eat the apples? 10. We are sick, there- 
fore we don't eat [any] apples. 11. Who is the girl that 
is walking in your garden % 12. It (she) is my sister. 
13* The good aunt sells pens, pencils apples and nuts. 

12. 

Nouns ending in n change the n into n when the 
possessive adjectives are added. 

• mil 

T 

our aunt, ^rrrft my aunt, YHH 

i" T • T 

your (m.p.) aunt, DSiTTH your (m.s.) aunt, (TjmW^rnil 
your (f. p.) aunt, pfrpfr your (f. s.) aunt, ?mil 

lv : - i- T 

his aunt, ifHYi 

T 

#^r k*s aunt, nrrrft 

T T' 

to lie, recline, ^S^' 

T 

bed, nt30 

T ' 

cow, ms 



their (w.) aunt, DrnH 

T T 

their (f.) aunt, ^nnil 

It t 

horse, D}D 
master, sir, fnx 

I T 

but, (i d« ^ 
both and, D2 D3 servant, (nifiBEO nnS# 

~ ~ t : t : • 

t • • . . t:t i". t: ■ t^" v viv T|V •• ; 

1) Used after negative expressions. 



22 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 

n:i#i> naitsn DSffiji - 3 -n.iri.5 *jnfe# ty_rnpi; T -i?p. ruBprr 
qn too n>s n?D ^« .4 -hsn ^ :>n?p njni^ raja nng 

'il^'T&b ^1 ^P| T P? -^' n ™ pj|iD -5 -ims n# 
mk nii^ p^ 'H^in dk ^ rrnten vnii &x? *ira .6 ? ^m 

/■tfttj ,*6 -8 ? n|j5p s rrnja. rCrpspn nx rfox grig .7 .nasa 

v - t : t t : - • - : ■ ■ • - - v • :j- t ■ -: 

D^inn ,D3nt2E:n D*aai# nna jmo -9 .nvuxn n& dh ttrriann 

• •.:-•: • : v- | - • v:t v - ■ -- 

m n?^ *d -U •una*, c^in /roton ttrnfn ,]§ .10 ? ^ 
vmt? ^k fcfc/tfha ,*6 -12 ? rattan -m^n ,mn Jnnito 

rw ds ,&pn na dk ! riaitt mj» -13 .winetf dk -3 ,nmi:a 

v - *t v - t -r 6 -:- i" t : • • • t t : 

n« mntf vrinx /:nx ,p *6 - 14 -n-ittpn •nninK nnatf tfimn 
•tfispn m m&f Tina aran ty mWn rngarn ,ayn 

1. My servant is very sick. 2. Your (m. s.) little 
sister broke our lamp yesterday. 3. Your (f. s.) good 
aunt sold her cow to my father. 4. Yfhy do you (m. p.) 
lie always in your bed, are you sick ? 5. Yes, (our) sir, 
we are sick. 6. Your (/. p.) beautiful lamp is broken. 
7. Their (m.) uncle sold his horse and his cow to my 
brother. 8. Did you (m. s.) break my pen ? 9. No, (my) 
sir, I did not break your pen, but my little sister 
broke both your pen and your pencil. 10. Her sister 
did not go to their (f.) teacher (f.), but to their aunt, 

11. Your (m. p.) cow is standing now in your garden „ 

12. Their (m.) little sister broke my pencil and my pen, 
therefore I write with chalk on the slate. 13. Why is 

— 23 - ■ 



. rm ip « n n j v nnDy 



your (f. p.) sister lying in bed now, is she sick ? 14. No, 
(my) sir, she is not sick but lazy. 

13, 

Verbs ending in n or y have n instead of fj in the 
present feminine singular, as : jTIpft, taking; htfDitft 

r 

hearing, instead of JTipft and figDiltf- 

to send, rftfc? to take, j-JD*? 

-I T "|l T 

•rrirfti^ ,D<rft : i^' ,nrftitf *rftitf ninpft ,D*npft ,nnpft ,npft 

to, for, belongs to,ft to know, jj*p 

to me, for me, mine, ft nr/IT ^jnt 1 ,njnv ,JTli* 

to you, for you, yours (m.s.) «?p to hear, understand, jjp^ 

to you, for you, yours (A s.) ^rtijflyitf rD^it? ,n8SW rfigitf 

to him, for him, his, ft voice, ^jp 

to her, for her, hers, pft to obey, h^pb or ^p3 yjbt^ 

watch, pj;^' 

win** ,r»D#n - 5 .wd^ n^ pb nto rfti'n *bk .4 ? mtf> 

_. . _ ( - T - : • :i~t i"T : t • • : : _ t 

•*wpf 'I? > 6 ?D '? to 07^8). D^msn ft rftttf irrti ■? rhiUan 
■mt ^ tor©D$ ft aro mto .7 ? ft dji rft# ^ft m 
*6 srio i njn rrnjzL .« -^ rfts? n^ pb ,ftip:? nyaitf 
■mS n« nritf jbDn via .9 ? nnp<? new -dj; rx ft nrft# 

']• . T »T'T T :~»|~T V ~ : ■ *" V • I ~J~ T 

— 24 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



•t: % '- v -: - t t :"v • 

|. . «^. . . T . I — V|V «r T TT _ «... 

? ikp n£in ^n T nn tin *3 ,ni:rto niTpbn ,)nj?e#n -16 .^ 
-n^in avi^s ,*rrfD^ raro VYTft \d Ajj»#\tttfiK #p - 17 

i" : ■ t : t 1 : t ■ : f T i" ~ : 

^ip? j^pi^ ttRlDi *6n.AJjffiJ0 *6l ttjjr *& ^ ?frip$ 

tffiD. H85# T P^ ^ ,2 ° ? ^ ^\ ^ ^'1 n ^? J8W 'T^ 

- ]|3 i-!?P fi# DjnjQlftJ .21 .I 2 ? &6i ^ r6tf pbi /nil ^ip| 

•Dp^p nfc ujp£ ftFjrifc D^jri ,}.? .22 

1. He hears, she hears. 2. We (m.) obey him; he 
obeys us. 3. You (f. s.) know, you knew. 4. I (f.) take, 
you (m. s.) take. 5. You (/*. s.) send, you sent. 6. The 
chair is mine, and the table is his. 7. The lamp is yours 
(m. s.), but the bed is hers. 8. The horse that is standing 
in the garden is my uncle's (belongs to my uncle), and 
the cow is my father's. 9. Our servant does not know 
that (*»3) her sister is sick. 10. My good aunt sent (to) 

me a beautiful watch. 11. The lazy girl does not obey 
her teacher (m.). 12. Did you (m. p.) take my pen? 13. No, 
we did not take your (f. s.) pen, but your little sister 
took both your pen and your pencil. 14. The watch 
which my aunt sent (to) me is broken. 

— 25 — 



. rm v k n n 1 v nnny 



14, 

Change such constructions as: J have into there is to 
me, my father has not into there is not to my father, 

there is not, there are not, rjtf there is, there are, £r» 

I have not, I have no, *b vjtf I have, *b $* 

my father has not, *2$b ]"W my father has, *2tib E£ 

to us, for us, ours, ^b 

to you, for you, yours, (/.) p£ ,(m.) 05^ 

to them, for them, theirs (f.) |r6 (m.) Qpfr 

to whom, whose, who has, <p^ 

more, else, yet, still, again, tjj; 

many, rfal W21 under, njjg 

•msn D^inajn wy wb n^ n:rton ^mft -i 
nins iA tr .3 .nyi vb wn nnn D0 matyn nisn -2 

T IT ,T I r "T ~r T V|V ' T TT~ 

viv : I - - • t • y,v • : • t : t -• : 

orosn n« uS rfttf wft .5 ? uns&n nx nsb rbti "d .4 

T I • - V (T ~T I" T : • - V VT "T 

by moipn ns-n rnttan "£>> -6 .^^ r6in tea ^ nrai 

'*■ vv 't tt- t : - • : : t ■ • -t' 

i J * 

^ rot ,nten ttjn #*6 - 9 so^p onyi rDTiat 'rip d:6 

t I •* I*'" " l ' ' t: • v: ^ vt 

n^ri-n ntaMn ^ .10 .D-msn *iA tr ^k rDTiia lit; 
/una* ni-ra^ ^r; - 11 ?nn $bn : *p'fyn nnn Dnsiyn 
nnyun .12 .d^ed ntaM dn <3 ,D^ra niNDS ^ rot P^ 

<t:- •-»: : • • • : : • jt i •• I-t: 



— 26 — 



FIRST ?EAE IN HEBREW 

rfinb ttrrto ]rb nnbtf pb ,in Mate rrtTo^n dp' ntoBftn 

Itt Ivt t:t I't I" •:- t : 

na nr6£ an .14 ? nwsn na mten nrt?# % db -13 -m* 

v t : t • t : • - v t - t : t • : • t 

yyn nnn D^trr D^itiri bnjan .15 .nnwBfri n« Ton 
-Dntia d^dIni ppn ty D^^i" n^jnn Dnwm .nnoi^i 

• v: • : : • *t '- ■ : '-tt • t: - : •: : 

en ,nnirsn vrtna ,p .17 ? tin ,dw trjn ^ trn ^ 
-^ on d^jti wh nnn d^dth nnpan 

1. Our good uncle sent (to) us apples and nuts. 

2. The pens are ours, and the pencils are yours (in. p.). 

3. We have no more apples in our garden. 4. Who sent 
(to) you the beautiful watch ? 5. Our teacher (f.) sent 
(to) us the watch, because we always know the lessons. 
6. In your (f. p.) garden are many trees, but you don't 
have [any] apples. 7. To whom did you (f. s.) send a 
letter yesterday ? 8. I have sent the letter to my father. 

9. You (f. p.) have nuts, and they (m. p.) have apples. 

10. Who has a good pen ? 11. Your (m, s.) little sister 
has a good pen. 12. Have you {f. s.) [any] more apples ? 
13. No, I don't have [any] apples, but I have [some] 
nuts. 14. The little girl that sits there under the tree 
is very good, because she always obeys her teacher (f.) 

15. 

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 

When a noun is modified by a demonstrative, or 
both by an adjective and a demonstrative, the definite 

— 27 - 



. m i p k n m nnny 



article is prefixed to the noun, the adjective and the 
demonstrative. 

The position of a demonstrative is after the noun. 
When a noun is modified both by an adjective and by 
a demonstrative, the order is, Noun- Adjective-Demon- 
strative; as ntn ny^n, this boy; njn Stan 12^ this good boy. 

those, (in.) unn this, (i».) (jngn) HT 

those, (f.) }r\n this, (f.) (n«Tn) n«t 

man, husband, (pi. tfEfaK) E^N these, (w. and f.) (n^KH) j"6n 
woman, wife, (pi. (* D"t2tt) n#K that, (m.) jflnn 

etc. in^ ,~n?w ,ti#k that, (/.) ^ng 

mn ny^n .2 .ijnn m *avf nfcte nwn wn m .1 
ninn ppimh nyi rw -3 .«<? nrbtf ntfa ■tfytf n« npt> 

ttt t-:~~ • • t:j~t v ~: * : v t-t 

*|km na nnp^ nrtrn njnn mwn - 4 •wrrijo n« rrotf new 

I-. . . v T |. T _ ^ TTT T _. — I- t : v t:t v -: 

&Mfl was ^iona ^ neto onwn n^« •? .taa no? n^'x 

. T . j..-. :v ;t .... *t:" vi" It- -"t v -: 

Fhtt - 7 -HDvi wn nnn totf" rf?Kn onpan .6 ^rtoN 

vi" :t: I *«t -.- :t vj-t •'t:- • v: 

rhxn rrhjan .8 .n^n D^roon n« ^ tons ntf*t nhpn 

vj-t 't:~ *t- • t: •- v :t v -; "t: - 

n« nso nate tfwi *«n -9 .*irto b« D-m n^nao tor© 

- t v -: • t ,•• v • - vt: • : t 

KVi - 11 -nrf? inns na n^D wnri awn -10 .^x<? id^d 
n« nnp^ am ntsten .12 .™p'n« nnpb im nvxn 

T I :T • - t-t ljv<" v t':t v -: t t 

n« Ton Dniitn mmnn on^nn on .13 .nsspn nrrao 

•t •: - • tv . . ._- .. t-':- l"T : 

• '" - v •: "T -tv • •;-- • ' •• - 

1) Many feminine nous form their plural in 0* • 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBEEW 

.fnj# n« nnpi/ jrx *)#« nfc$2rj niTp*?nn )n * 15 
njyn .17 .jyij$ ng ipr *6 jnn rfbtyn niTp^ng -is 
,wn tiprtn n-TQ tr^n -is .pj?n ty_ Tpn sw njn ^jn 

• t— . t * * : t • : • t : t • 

ntoto inn Dmn .20 .q^ n^r^^-bniiD rte D^wrr 

I •• t • t - • t t : •. • : • : - 

.jn nt^x ^wota nx-rn raten .21 .-ikd nimm 

' t t, • t -: t - t • t : t: 

1. This is the man that sent (to) me the letter. 
2. This man sent (to) me a nice slate. 3. This is the wo- 
man that sat yesterday in our garden. 4. This woman 
sat under the tree. 5. These are the bad boys that broke 
my chain. 6. These bad boys broke your table. 7. Those 
lazy pupils don't know their lesson. 8. Those are the 
diligent girls that are always sitting in the garden and 
studying. 9. My brother is a very good man, but his 
wife is bad. 10. These men are diligent, but the women 
are lazy. 11. Our servant is a diligent girl. 12. These boys 
have a good teacher, but they are lazy and do not 
study. 

16. 

future, Tnj> 7 

you (A s.) will watch, 'HDfcP'ri 1 will, shall watch, -liblp'tf 
he will watch, -)JbtP} you (m. 5.) will watch, ^bfcPfi 

— 29 — 



• m i ff n n mv nn^y 



she will watch, (* ^b^'fi 
window, ( 3 (m.) (pi. nia'fen) ]f?n to shut, close, -fao 

copy4x>ok,(f0(pl.ninan^ 

etc. ^mang ^rnanD /rnana house, (pi. D"na) rra 

warm, en etc. irva ^3 SJJT3 Wa 

cold, np door, (f.) (pi. rrtrfn) n^ 

I- t : viv 

TbtfK \jW ,nninx b& rvny Ktfih n*hn h^nh .1 

: v — :- t -: v t'~ vjv - t • t 

"a ,^jn ^ D^sa nty arian xb ! atari <n« .2 .nn s a nx 

n« Tiii iaa* jn^D .5 .-rip iatrx *6 irnten *rwto s ;i ? .4 
rraa ^a Dnnnn ^ .6 ? -jap nvi ngj *6n ,nyn iran 
•d^i D^na D^na & niton rfrftan i^a .7 -on map nn 
?a« 9 .rtfvaa nr© attfvn eto6 nmfi na "iton TrAi .8 
Amb by_ l-flptf n« ah? 1 ; wi rWanDa n^ na ahax 
,*& .11 i-rnna ie& rfenn nx ^atf *6 ,nnx yivn .10 

' »jv:v: v -: I -- v -t • t~ *i*» -: 

13 .13 ? TrinK ,rfnri na nn:o jnra .12 ■mi 1 ' "a^a »nten '•aw 

• -: vjv- v : :-t *■ j- -•• -iv •• - ■ -t 

,*fc .15 ? p^nn n«i nfan nx lapnn .14 .nxp njrj Tina ijd 
,]nb& ,mo fc£ jfcpp n-ria .16 .njn n*aa en ^ ,iapa k^ 
•nia^i nirfri tr fcttnn na^m binan naa .17 ."mtatf KD2 

t : - vt" : t- tv- t : 

ttnnss? .19 .nxD on n^p oa-nna ntf« ntffenn -is 



1) The second person m. s. and the third person f. s. are always 
alike. 2) Names of countries and cities are feminime. See lesson 15 note. 3) See 
lesson 8 note 1. 

— 30 — 



-7t 






FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



T 



...... ( .._ ,. ... ,. .. ... . . T .. 

-rmv mn *6 ,*6 .21 ? to« ^ mo 



1. I will watch your (m. s.) house. 2. Will you (m. 
s.) shut that window ? 3. No, I will not (shut), because 
[it] is very warm in this room. 4. Will you (f. s.) break 
again the pens ? 5. No, I will not break again. 6. My 
father will sell the house that he has in this city. 7. The 
girl that is sitting now in my room will watch our ho- 
use. 8. Why don't you shut the door, lazy girl ? 9. Be- 
cause [it] is very warm in your (m. p.) room. 10. That 
bad pupil (f.) took your (/. p.) copy-book yesteday. 11. In 
that big house (there) are many doors. 12. Our servant 
(f.) will sell her beautiful lamp to my sister. 

17. 

FUTURE CONTINUED, THJ^ 

you (f. p.) will watch, nrpEfrl we will, shall watch, lb£0 
they (|) will watch, nEltf} you (m. p.) will watch, VU??tfl 

they (f.) will watch, (* nnbttffi 

t : i : • 

day, (pi. &^) Qi* to meet, tfrS 

to-day, QV>n to finish, nbJ 

flower, (pi. D^rns) ITJB to say, think, intend, nbX 

only, but, ^x to-morrow, inD 



1) The second person f. p. and the third person f. p. are always alike 

— 31 - 



. m i tf k n n j v nn^y 



what ? how ! (* HO ,HO fHD when ? «nO 

T ~ T 

young, nh^v fD^ay ,rrvj# ,tj/| 

old (of age), nfofjfc ,D\JJ?T. ,Pttf?l ,JjJT, 
Write the future of Efas, ijD and iEJ 

T T T 

♦d^> vmox im ,iroon nx dsox *?x *oron *no .1 

v t • : f ~ t v -: t : * - v v : • v : : • - t 

"Di»n *6 ^x nno nno„ .3 -srDJ mo -2 f wbvy onjtt 
Vftan wi pnio nx uafaa bionx .4 .Ton totpn noix 

t- I — lv : v : i-t : v «t "'tv 

•pj ni^xzL nijri. rfhyi *2 ;yj? nox rom. «ntn n^m. 
tnft »p .6 ? rrinto nhw ^ nx ni\n nrtoty'nn -5 
crnan nx riotf* r&tn OTj»n Dnwn .7 r io^ r^ton 

•t: - v : : • vj-t •'• :- • t:~ : • 

#*6 .9 ?D^nnDn;o^n #D3Hip# nx D^nori 8 .^;j np? 
,Kin n£in wng ]j?jn t^xn .10 .^noa n^ nty ,:rtan unto 
ruptn ntsten .11 -irtna intao by Ton 22W x*in pi 
ran . 13 ^ionx orrft p!> r6tf no -12 .^vb nn^ nx n*on 

: v v : Ivt ~t - • t: t •• v : * 

kvt .is ?dvh "ox nzb nnbx no .ia-d^ Dine vh.rbvt 

V T T : T V • T ' T : jT - T 

no .16 jfapa yoi# wki ,nnx ^wn jn nw "2 ,ii? niox 

ti : e r* • :••: t- •• t: ' t h" • jt t:t 

D^ixn on ubvy no -17 ! ^mi ntste DTnen on dv 

•t-:t •• ...'-• T i|v-: v -: •t:- •• -t 

! )nn niTj#n D^'an jn nttnn no .is ! nnn tFVfflrj 

1. We will watch her garden to-day because she 
is going to her uncle. 2. When will you finish your les- 
son, [you] lazy girls ? 3. We will finish our lesson to- 
morrow. 4. Will you break the window again, [you] bad 

1) Before X' H, y an d T use H£; before N' H, n and V use ilD. 

T T T T T V 

— 32 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



girls ? 5. No, (our) teacher, we will not break again. 
6. These old men will sell their beautiful house to my 
father. 7. To-morrow those young men will watch 
the flowers (that are) in our garden. 8. What did your 
(f. s.) aunt send (to) you to-day ? 9. She sent me apples, 
nuts and flowers. 10. What did my teacher (A) say to 
you (f. p.) yesterday ? 11. She said that you are a bad 
(and) lazy girl. 12. When did you (to. p.) meet our friend 
in this city ? 13. We met your (to. p.) friend yesterday. 
1<L How nice this young girl is ! 15. How lazy these 
young girls are ! 16. How diligent those old men are ! 
17. Who is that old woman that is sitting now in your 
(f. s.) room ? 18. That old woman is my aunt; she al- 
ways sends (to) me very nice flowers. 

18. 

Possessive Adjectives Appended to Nouns in the 
Plural. 

our uncles, tfnft my uncles, nil 

your (to. p.) uncles, mnft your (to. p.) uncles, vn/fo 

your (f. p.) uncles, pHH your (f. s.) uncles, ^nil 

their (to.) uncles, DHHjH his uncles, V"rH 

their (f.) uncles, fmn her uncles, nHH 

,V " T IV 

— 33 — 



. m i ff k n n • j w nn^y 



Mill 
our aunts, ^nnfa my aunts, TriTfl 

your (m. p.) aunts, D^ntTH your (m. s.) aunts, THilil 
your (/. p.) aunts, pTltTfa y° ur ( f - s -) aunts, THftri 

his aunts, vnTTft 



their (?».) aunts, CiTniTl 
their (f.) aunts, tij^ntTrl 

only, pn 
sign of the objective, nx ,nX 

,nnix rinix^nix^oix me, tax 
-tnix iDnis rttnx,D:>nx ,i:nix 

I t t »v : v v : v rr 



her aunts, nTYfTfa 

T IV 

to love, 2HX 

T 

parents, nfaX 

T 

when, as, (* 1^x3 
as soon as, ^tf "itfXSJ 
well, iftin 



with, fiX 

nnx/inx/anx^nxwithme^r.N some, few, ninnx ,DnnK 

.]nx ,Dnx ,)3nx rDonx ,i:nx 
/nvnx ,nfrix .2 .Tntox /wvbx ,<nbx ,ntox .1 

' - :- t-: »-|- -: I ,v -: - -: t 

•P'TTtiBJ tDD^rtnw ^nhy: ,rfftyi .3 .,TniTix ,vnvnx 

Iv •• *r- v •• -:- |" *:- *ts t iv ;- t :- 

rrtnpan tn -a - 5 •in ,, nin&# ,DiTnin*tf ^ninstf ,ninstf .± 
ntfx irfrwn .6 ? tan wix wfta ntrx^ btonx *nx i^n ntrx 

v -: 't:~ It- • : ' : j~ T "• ~ ; ~ : v I : • : t v -: 

fops mx j?oW a nx? "nix ntonix \n ; p TVftri ,*nx \&n 
tfjp*n D^:xn en *a .7 .pn ^ px vrix Tip*? pb rTnn 

■!••:- • t-:t •• ■ It- v It- • I :t I*t -t 

srrix via ,cn *t*=i rf?xn n^n .8 1 *jn ,D.fT?? D^vn 

1) The future tense must be used after 1$tt3' 7JN! 1^«J3i DKi *W 0"^)' 
and D"1t-2» when futurity is implied. 



— 34 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW 

r\z*r:n dtj? bx ens Ton vrix en empi 1 ? ^ nftb DrfK 

t - ' : - t ^* v t • • t • •• • i : • : t 

dh DTnm D^irta ta« ,Dnrw DTcAri pn ^ into^ -i& 
prx sjfp .12 op;n D.nnv;^ n# Ton cynv dh ,nk» 
^ - 13 f rtsnnn TiiTD^n ,nritn mean nx nto^in 
•nnx ni^in urn p 2 ? ,kvi rfaru rnjy *d ,nnix ninniK 
Hsna .15 -^ cnix into &6 nijn way n« ^np^ Tnftft -i± 

: v it t : t ^4 I"'" v I;t I .v 

mk rpjtf ntet?j?n ]rrnvnx *a $ nptfi ,jjg jni« w';b 
-wtia rash ns-n "Dis n« inpi? rtUopn Tni-nN .16 .nyvy 

t : t: tt- v Irr -•:- hv :- v ••*• 

1. My sisters are good pupils, but yours (your sis- 
ters) (to. s.) are bad pupils. 2. His boys are lazy, and 
also your (f. p.) boys are lazy. 3. Her parents don't love 
her because she is very bad. 4. Your (f. s.) young aunts 
went yesterday with me to the garden. 5. Why don't 
you (f. s.) take those little boys with you ? 6. I don't 
love them because they are bad, therefore I don't take 
them with me. 7. Your (to. p.) teacher (f.) does not love 
you because you don't obey her. 8. Why don't you 
(f. p.) watch my flowers?. 9. As soon as we finish our 
lessons, we will watch your (f. s.) flowers. 10. When 
I have met your (to. s.) friend to-day in the garden, he 
told me (said to me) that you took his watch and broke 
it. 11. In our garden (there) are only a few trees, but 
they are very nice. 12. These old men are our uncles ; 

— 35 — 



• rm p a n n : » n * n a y 



they always take us with them to their big city, beca- 
use we obey our teachers and (we) know our lessons 
well. 13. Their (/.) bad girls took my lamp yesterday and 
broke it. *) 14. In this big city (there) are only a few 
nice houses. 

19. 

IMPERATIVE, *fi? 

f 0». p.) n?9 ,(»*• *•) nisp 
sell: { (A ;>.) nrjpp ,(/• *.) n?p 

tired, niS^rD^g. fHEPj;. ^ to pour, spill, ^a^ 

agreeable,lovely,nVrD^-^rnDn:^Dn: to tear, jfp 

tt : v t : v *-|i T 

r JO book, (onap) 1£)p 

pray, please, i t . . t * j 

if, or, Q{* ink, f*T 

not, ( 2 ^ paper, ^ 

njp -2 .TjTra n«p "ip_*3^nn n$ ,rw ,*u n:p .1 
nn - 3 -nip-tn •nrrrft ^ anao *nn:n tisd nx /nina ,*o 
ini« iap iTi$> into nipn ^tt^W n $ ( 3 ^pn dx i aterj 



1) When the objective IT Ftands for a masculine noun, translate it by 
1ni&5; when for a feminine noun translate it by rHlitf. 2) The imperative ne- 
gative is formed by a future tens* with PN5 as ISfcj'fi ?K/ don't break. 3) See 
lesson 18 note. 

— 36 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 

vo&# "jk vb -5 .*mara n« njnp wi .nnp^ nete ,nso 

•:i~t *-: • :-:- v t'ht -.: t:m~t v -: •:• 

*m ds "? ^rnanp ri k s <njpj3 ^ *ftj Tpsp ^ inn n« 
moa> fcfti nnansn nan nssn n« nnp^ nn« bax -6 .ppn 

t :,-t : vjv : — v: *.•/••- v t:j«-t t- t-: ItIt- 
.. .. *.,- . TT:v: t -|. t - : - .. ... . T 

nrvia uthk D\r-rix p^ ,DHDft *i:n:« nate ww&n n« 
,vm nni« D^npft uma pn bx urpN n^in ntftoi ,n«D 

jt • t ••: :i — : I-- v :i — : •: v -:- : : 

ttatfn rp,nj4n ^ininaran ^ D^ninft ^jtanpa tons 
aroD runrori dn ! ninto rvinja .9 .ttfttftn by Wn rw 
Atena ft rftt? n^'x ,tfh&Dn ^ ft to nlaha ,pnin ^k 

: v • - t v -: • t : - • t t : j : lv : 

tt- v -t • • • : - -r -: •• '• •: 

ijois nx rnitf n|Bj?n ijrrtroj ;*:&* ninj" ,ja -li f nn$n|m. 
*a #niM wa ns /rot ,n: rotf .12 .t^sd n*t njnp djti 

... v T . . Itt: v *t:»j -: 

/rrninN jtk .13 .rftinm roptn umin bx nny nrftin *:k 
K\n nan? "3 ,irnn3 nrmn by nsaitf *rn - 14 ? rap nw 

T- . ■ t:v: tt* '- vjv • 't't -- 

1. Please close (m. s.)y° ur book and write a letter 
to your old uncle. 2. Pour (f. s.) this ink out because it 
is very bad. 3. If you (m. p.) write a letter to your 
friend, please write (to) him that the cup which he sent 
(to) me is broken. 4. I will not sell (to) you (f. s.) my 
watch because you took my beautiful cup and broke 
it. 5. Good (and) x ) little girls, please watch my 

1) Two adjectives modifying a noun must always be connected by the 
conjunction 1 AND. 

— 37 — 



■ rm ff k n n i nnap 



house to-day, because I (m.) am going now to my sisters. 
6. "Who has spilled ink on my paper ? 7. Your (f. s, ) 
little sister did it (spilled ink on your paper). 8. Your 
(f. s.) bad pupils have torn my books and my copy-books. 
9. Lie (m. p.) on your beds and don't study your lessons 
now, because you are tired. 10. If you (/. s.) write a 
letter to your uncle, please write (to) him that the books 
which he sent (to) me are torn. 

20. 

Intransitive verbs, and transitive verbs, having k, n> 
or y for the second radical, or n and g for the third radi- 
cal, have a^ instead of ' in the future and the impe- 
rative. 

T 

;b3#j S3#n ,as#; ;*09#n ,as^n ;ag#K Future. 

•rttjpp ,tt?0 ;^?^ ,M# Imperative, 
to ask, to borrow, ^»k$ 

;Vk#j ;^^'n bm) ;^?*?#n Ag#p &k#k Future. 

•PtANtf jbtWf fb*ti ,bx& Imperative. 

t:j-: -:- —.- -: 

•rite 

- I T 

;r6t£i ;n^*n ,rh& irhtfft rnbtfn ;nS#x Future. 

— 38 - 



FIKST TEAE IN HEBEEW 



old (not new) 3 (ni-,DSrtf^) ]& to please, to be agreeable, qj;j 



till, until, h#g) *]$;__ 

long ago, already, -)22 

then, rx 

T 

somethig, any thing, pTDHtD 



to open, riH3 

"I T 

to forget, H3$ 

- I T 

present, njmo 

TT ~ 

new, ni- rD 1 *- ^naftn ,Bftn 



t t~: 



rfrcte ,wfb*n ■snta ^ips »D&"n ex ! noran *nx i 

- : v • iv -:~ I jV. i : - : • ■ t :v- • t 

nto ^ip2 TDm pdW ^« ^ raten v.inx .2 .na; nana tf> 



TT TT 



dm ^>2x »D^pa ystrx newo "6 Titon x^ ex on srta 



T I 



Ml 



ray rtjwfri ,^> r6tfa hd*i -3 .nte "6 dj^ mno "6 T6#n 

vt I-'t-: I : ~ : v t : ■ .' tt~ ' • : : • 

t^ 123 ■£ fD^in Dnso "6 xi t6b^ -4 ? onshn onso dm 

•• t : ■ • T-: t : t • : • ■ t~: -j ; 

\Hfr\ ',ifem urwtf nans'? iDWinn +tfobr\ -6 -m® *b 

. .... v .. *".. .. . . . TV - • : - J " t 

utqk - 6 -ix? ^ »23P wi ^?n rj_ ugrtcf? i#k nx *n?#n 

1tfX3 .7 .DHiM n38fa fcfrl ,vhV3® ^ tfnijntfJTM TDM "B&J 

/inns Bftn ibd nn2# *& ex nnix ^xtrn ininx nx tmn 

• :v : tt v|- t : t • t - : • J : -: v : • 

n : rn nggn nx *2 ,nnix ^xyx *6 .8 1 nrrn tog 12T 
? roroD nx nana 122 ininx *6n -9 .inns ^x wd# 

t t : • v t : t t : ' : ~: ~: '(•' : '•' : • -: • : - t 

*nfot0 122 10 -mil bx inix nrttitf nar« wo nnix ^xtf 

•:-t t: t v ~r tiv •• - ,- T ~ ; 

nx C 1 imn i#x ijnnix rfctfn *6 <2 ■6 riipx x\ni : nnix 
^p#*S *Di*nunx D£ixdj p^a x^ jniD .u .nntytf 



1) See lesson 18 note 



— 39 — 



• m i p n v m nn^y 



1 v :j-t: ,»:v: t :j-t :— : ,-• 

tisd .14 .nko Q'^Bh nttrn na&pn tw n^'x dtgh .13 

• ••: • : -t : - t-I :- -r v -: • t- 

nx nnsn ^x .15 .*U3 ^ rrfctf »m firratf ntaw ,70»n 

t: »t - it • •• : :-i-t v ~: Itt- 

n:io dk ^ ,rfc>rjn nx nnis ^a -16 .ikb dvh id ^2 rfenn 
1 - ... I .. . JV .. . „ 1- . 1 .- 

by_ aatp'ri vb %nm wypti nx moj -im M^n -17 .into ^:k 

: f ' IV v T: i"T t : -: •-: 

n# 2h^ i^'n. njrn&p ^2.^8 x^ .is ? pnnn nil ^mt? 
,vb 20 ? x^n r6in r\^n ^:mn ^ nwtfn ,19 ^in *m Shdsh 

t t 1 -:- i" t • :-j-t-: '■ •• v t: •- 

tori lyrytopi maatf ,\m nterc; dn .21 .hdwd wd^ *6 

: iv •• • : t:i- : Iv- ••-: • t j : •*:r , T 

1. If you (m. s.) meet my friend to-day, you shall 
send him to my aunt. 2. My aunt said that if I obey my 
teachers and my parents, she will send (to) me a nice 
present. 3. Have you (m. p.) any thing with you ? 4. No, 
we have nothing (we don't have any thing) with us. 
5. If I meet my sisters to-day, I will ask them why they 
did not take you (f. s.) with them, when they went 
to our teacher (f.) 6. The old books which you (m, p.) 
forgot in our house are already sent to you. 7. My 
good aunt, if you send me new books, then [it] will 
please me (to me) very [much]. 8. When will you (f. p.) 
send (to) me the new books ? 9. If we don't forget, we 
will send them to you to-morrow. 10. I will not write 
the letter till I finish my lessons. 11. My mother will 
sell my old lamp to that old man. 12. When you (m. p.) 
meet your sister, please ask her if she forgot an old 

— 40 - 



FIB ST YEAR IN HEBEEW 

book in my room. 13. We will not open the window 
because (it) is very cold to-day. 14. If you (m. p.) are 
tired lie in your beds, and don't study your lessons now. 

21. 

COMPAEISON. 

The Comparative is expressed by a simple adjective and 
the particle jp or the prefix p before the object com- 
pared; as: T^p^np 2iE "TPfe m y P u P n i s better than 
your pupil. 

The Superlative is expressed by the article before 
the adjective and the prefix q or ^ before the objects 
compared, as: ■"Tpfyng iiftH, or '•Tp^np 5it3n 3 the fostf 
of my pupils. 

in, with, 3 from, than, (* p ,p ,]p 

in with me, ^ from me, than I, vjbd 

•jv • 

in, with you, (s.) p to) M AMD SliSD rti&D ;TO£ ,TOB 

It 1 at 1 : j v • tjv • jv • 1 " • 1 : • 

in, with him, to .J£1B ,DHp ;J30 ,D2p 

in, with her, PJ3 as, like, 5 /jp*) 

in, among, writh us, ^3 as, like the, 2 ) 5 ,5 ,3 

•IPE ,OT3 5p3 ,D32 as I, like me, ^3 

I V T V T IVT VT ' I T 

son, |2 ;nto| ,irriM qto| ,^1d| 
n:? A? ;^| ,^ja ;^$ into^Qfjtos^^te? rD^iM^iM 



1) Before K/ Hi 11/ y and 1 use ft- 2) See lesson 6 note 1. 

— 41 - 



• njiffRi n:v nnny 



daughters, ni;3 ]1? ,UKl ;]3J3 .Dp^ ^ 

etc. vryi:3,Tnfo3 ^niia /Tvfca etc. ^3 ^na ^na *n3 

t : h- : »iv : - : ••• • I: • • • 

bxf ^3 .2 .^39 pnn •g§ bz$ , s :zq 3to ^3 (i 
vi3 b3K md nrjtt in^ .3 .inia jnpi snn isd \:3d 

t~: ••• t'*: '-'t: tt •.•/•■ •;• 

n&n ftbl3 m ^nso nnp'p nuBpn Tira -4 .in3D rrcnn 

tt- t v • • • t':t t - ':- '••• • • t t 

bnx C 1 /»nto3 nfatj; u\x vni:3 .5 -anto rmfch memni 

t -: - : • •• . It" t : t t : t : t t : v - : 

v*m 3to -:s bm *jbo ^fta D3:3 .6 .vntiao rTtoitD Tfi:3 

» t : • -: t -: -iv • t v : • t : ■ - : 

vrivw -8 ?roto mm /-riM nttnn rrfmx n:n -7 .^bo 

- : - t t - :- 1 t t '•,- : - — : jv • 

^p;j; .9 .nft¥£.nfrinri ^ni-na bnx /gto3 nimn ntopn 
p3 eft D^Tjj? ; nigo kvi ns; f?3& ,e.5TJ?? r6inj n^K 
-nw q^ D^a ds tr ^73*1 /H3 r« u*n bnx d^tts dtd 
la iBte n-Tinn b3« ,D3n*33 b*n: ^r« trtnn ot - 10 

v-: t-:- t-: v : • : t jv •• ttv ,-• •• 

rftrnn nhjN tr ^irto 1 ? 41 -D31T33 ^a omnno nw 

t *t: " |" : v : •• : v -: • t-: - •• «t 

<d .12 .7H3 rrcrnnrri rnten km njBpri Iwwj *?3x ,ni3n 

Ivt ttv: t - • t-I:- t~:~ tt: 

vrio ,umx tfb .13 ? jn^n by_ inn n« '■jetf /Dnjj} ,D3p 

1|f># ,tt3 "l^K ^T jnn ^233 (David) ^ q« 15 ,3^3 

nno ^ n^tfn vrrft.i* .irf?#n ^ 30" ™ -itfK3 i^n mk 

t t • - : • • t It:*.- v - t I - v -:- : - v 

romm n3ip my: s 3 i3n3D3 r6 3ri3 ■as ^3 ,nir runo 

t t: t T-r* • t:*: t -t t tt tt- 

Tni^nK Di ^n -is o^n v na Ton ^n nni' '31 ah* 

I. f : - - - : ....... ... . T ._. _ f .. ._. 

? ni:np jnjb dj ^mft n^'n k 1 ? ynoi ,^iD3 nixnni ni3iD 
n^3 .17 .^ p*i n^n p^i tn3 nrnnm roton ^s* ^3^ 46 

V,-;- . J _ _ . . |.. T . J . /T T T .. : T _ . «. T _. 



1) The prefixes P/ 3/ 3 are written ?' 3' 2 before a sh'va. 

— 42 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 

. t: - ... VT - : . . . - T v : v - • :j-t 

,-|. .*,... V| .. T . T . ■ jv ■ v:-: v -: 

•EDlM 

1. Your (to. s.) son is bigger than mine (my son), 
but my son is better than yours (your son). 2. Your (f. s.) 
bad daughter borrowed a copy-book from my daugther and 
tore it. 3. His son is bigger than I, but I am more dili- 
gent than he. 4. Her daughter took of me a lovely cup 
and broke it. 5. My daughters are not [as] lazy as your 
(f. p.) sister, but they are [as] bad as she. 6. My teacher 
(to,) has many pupils (to.), but I (to.) am the most dili- 
gent of (in) them. 7. Are also his sons [as] big as you 
{f. p.) ? 8. No, they are smaller than we. 9. Who of you, 
girls, has broken my lamp ? 10. Sarah (mb*)> the worst 
girl of (to.) us, has broken it. 11. My room is not [as] 
big as yours (your room), but my room is nicer (than he). 
12. That new house is my father's, and (in) there are 
many beautiful rooms. 13. Your (f. p.) uncle said that 
he will not send (to) you his new books, because [such] 
books (as these) are not good for [such] little girls as 
you [are]. 

22. 

Infinitive TiDO- Words with Plural Suffixes. 

• T 

The infinitive has two forms, as: niE and ibDJ 



1) See page 42 note. 

— 43 



. m iff k n niv nn^y 



2ffi and rQfcp. To this latter form the *? to is prefixed; as:- 

T VJV 

to eat, bbxb A5K-to$ to seU ' ^p 1 ? ^ip-nbD 

to say, nb?6 nipfcribK to lie, 22&b ojtf-ai^f 

to take, nnp^ #nnp-np^ to open, n'nsb .nns-nhs 

to sit, live, rOg6 ,r\Z#-5& to ask, $Ktj6 ,^'-^ 

To some Particles only plural suffixes are appended, 
behind, after, ■nn.K ,nn« to, ^ 

behind, after me, nnx to me, ^x 

t,v-:- t-:- ' lj— :- l,v-:- tjv t •• I -j— I iv 

■innnfcj on, upon, at, by, <?$; 

before, in front of, ^^ on, at, by me, I have, ty 
.... _ T 

before me, in front of me,^e& ;tf6jj $yby , xby ttby ,rbu 

— r: i ,, 't tjv't t't I-j-'t I ,v t 

; tt\?|£ jnjjfi 1 ? /ro$? ;-j:p_^ /spas 1 ? •|iT&/Sg , 6jL ; JJ^SL'D^e. 

•isvgfc 'Og^ ;)3v.^ 'Dya^ 

wherefore, why, n&*? to be angry, mad, hyp 

because, O5) w because, for that, ^g^ ^ 

from, (etc. t|nKg^fi«p) nap woods,forest, (nh^D^JP) *!]£ 



mem ,irto kvi .2 ? ^^6 ^y inn jp. Tn ^ n ^ (1 

t : — J j" 1"*: '•• )i"T~ 'T 

hten$ tt^K np« *q-]io .3 .rxyyvn iro kti vina rtftinn 
tfiob *6i watf w*ari ,tMti*n zny&n nx no^ \d 

:,-t : :j-t :r-:- t:~ . ' •• - v -;• 



— 44 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBREW 

^nix rbti <p a .nfcp ovn u$jj tfin tflrfp j^ ,Dnia 
■? ,*6 io*6 ^k Trix nnto wina -5 ? naap rnip /tot 

I: ■ iv •• • t:t -: T-h t*:~ 

njgo Kftnn iTibd n« nnp^ n^'N ^y Tty nti nstfp 

tjv • ttv t: • v t:jI-t v -j *- Ijv't • v.v I 

tiDi wnn tfrtsn n^n .6 .vfy in rdbtf mi /into nmpi 

1 • t" •]"- t't : t :p t -: t :j-It: 

nrsa onx d^W 1 n^ .7 .d,i nrt r:*A nttfa nsm 

■i - v- • : tit •• : tt : v -: vt- 

nny tiob why *2 wr-8 s^nny-vi ^ r >N co^in m:w 
ra&b why wzfoq m in:: ntfto d:i ^n d^wd 

vjvt j-'t j-T : • y :• v-:- -; •- • t: • 

. ..*-_. . . . _ . .. ..*_. T : ^_ T .. _. ^, _ _^ T .. .. . 

bjraj *3 Tprj nr?by_ npix niton m a^n tajj - 11 -on 

(Jacob) ^p^;_ TIN ! ntejj *;iTO .12 ? ^ pn Mtfp DH 

new infiD r,N ft rfttfn *fr dn ^ ,nb nb*6 nft** Trta rfptf 

. : tt : - : • • I; •• »jv •• _ t 

DDrtnx n« on« D\nrhK dk -13 .nfcD Tty rto 1 /^bo nnp^ 

.... - : v . _. . . | |V ^ T I I;- ..• ' T :I,-T 



meg - 14 I'mi^n D^nx nnix nnnrA *6 na^ »niBBB 



i Ml Jp/ 

rvaa Di s n rttaft rvby ^ «tid« i:a« to »^n« nni« nnp^ 

•j-- - VjV T TJV'T ' TIT J"' I" ,T ' T -'fT 

,yyn nnn d^ nn^*n nt^sn «^n "D .is .kvi n^.n ^ w* 

I «T -J* T VjV ~ T ' T ' ' T ' l-j- 

riTiDiyn rgyjni rN^ ^.P« ^n ^gl. ^5 - 16 ? &r\ D?pKn 

t :- /•• -: • tjvt: 

1. Why don't you (m. s.) go with me to my un- 
cle ? 2. Because I have to stay home (in the house) now 



The unaccented H is added to a noun to indicate motion or direction 

T 

to a place. 

— 45 — 



. m i p n n m p nn^y 



and (to) watch the flowers and the apples. 3. My aunt 
sent me to tell you (to say to you) that she is angry 
with (on) you because you tore her copy-book. 4. Who 
is the girl that is going behind us, is that your (m. p.) 
big sister ? 5. Yes, that is our sister, and the old man 
that is going in front of us is our uncle. 6. Who sent 
you to me, little girl ? 7. I am sent to you (/". s.) by 
(TINE) your friend David (TH), to take from you the new 
book which he forgot in your house. 8. Why don't you 
(™- P-) go with us to the woods to-day ? 9. Because we 
have to write many letters to-day, and when we finish 
our letters we have to study our old lessons. 10. My 
sister sent me to tell (say to) you (m. s.) that if you 
do not send (to) her the books to-morrow, she will be 
angry with (on) you. 11. My little brother is sick, and 
our mother said that he has to lie in (his) bed to-day, 
therefore I did not take him with me to the garden. 
12. The big boy that is going behind us is my brother 
Jacob (ip£)° 

23. 

FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS pp'S AND $"£. 

The verb ^JB generally consists of three letters call- 
ed radicals. These radicals are designated by one of the 
letters of byBl thus, the first radical is designated by g; 

the second by j; ; and the third by ^ 

_ 46 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 

The verbs rV'S and y<Q are such as have n or j; for 
the first radical. 

to stand, ^qyb nqg-iDy 

we will, shall stand, ^bl/p I will, shall stand, ^b^tt 

you (m. p.) will stand, snpjjfi you (m. s.) will stand, ib^n 

you (f. p.) will stand, JiHb2B y° u (f- s -) wiu stand, ^DJ?ri 

they (w,) will stand, n&J2 ne w ^ stand, "lbl£. 

they (f.) will stand, rtTlbBFl she will stand, nbtffi 

C (w. p.) ,rrpy On. s.) ,%by; 

stand! -j ,» . ,* ' 

i (A p.) ,nr\QV (A s -) /nop 

v t :i -: • : r ' 

to think, intend, y&rb ,2&T\'2l&n 

; aWru ; afefrjn iSWt ; *3#nn ^#nn ; atfna future. 

t : j : - : : - t : | : - : : 

.rO^fetl ,ttETI ; "Otfn AWn imperative. 

* *oe$ ; nap. /tej j *!j©jr ^py. to leave, nrj; 

.]3JJ ,DBj; ; ]3^j; ^3»^ to punish, ^ 

alone, *]±> child, (q^i ,v^V) ^ 

- : t : ■ : - \iv 

I alone, *\zb child (f.), rn^ 

etc. m±> ,$£ ; ^53^ /sfttj? dear, (rn- ,Dvnj£) ^ 

I am yet, still, *jnij;,*iij; with, qj; 

etc. nrrip »tfiijj ;ipty /friy with me, (*jsp) "?l? 

— 47 — 



. m i p n n n:w nn^y 



&i}V$ : ;]?™ : rDyw. ;W?n ^?^^'T?^T?? ; ^° k T 

.jrpnx ;DDpx ;)?.px : *D??£ ; wix 

>T jV- TV I -J— IjV" — IV '-: 

Tnr^n^ thsd nx jnp^ tfe dx dh .2 .*nft3no*i nso nx 
bx .3 ,-ixo inix *jx inix p ^TJW i^ inix Stjjx ^ 
rrytoan nx n:?#n dx p «Tjh 17321 *]rf?#n ty_ <npj;n 
WR nx sprj« ttj£i *ns .4 .^ ^nix efts?.* ,t^; t i#x 
tfrijwix tex&tonxnnix in£> totf n Dn .5 ?np*n "Jinx 
} -mp*r\ ^x .6 .nnnx d^ niy risw^ brriy p^ #r&in 

T I T: - .. . . T - : . T * vivT v "'-iI'-t: 

Dipsg n# ffi)?# n#x. ^ CBachel) ^rn Tiinx nx ■>## 
rra^ nnix iryn *& ^ /?6 *n-iEX x*?n -7 -Drrmyn nxi 
♦nnix ftfri wix sftyx p*n Aph ny&# *6 nnxi ,Tnna 
/Tin? nsa nips ^nn§# m p «TiiS? nnix vpry *6 .8 

*••• T T • T J T • T • T *.iT 

^mo« ^x .9 .nao nx wao nnpb *jn bx *ro^n n^'xs 
tfr )^xi. >inix nriin^n ,*xq? ty_ nrrb^n dx p ^ni^nx ^ 
l&JQ l?^tf , fito& te^s nnyi. »v^; t jEnoai ^P3 }nj?&# 
p^ ,nfeo nx Ton njnip nxtn rrfen .10 .^nix wstem 

i"T ~t: v • t i~ 1 t : ~" jt : — ; 

,nnix D^nix d^x nvrfrixi rmx dj ;nnix nnix »^k 

t •-: t» tjv :-: T/ v- T v/» 

ninj^ f ^ T n^&p.n bx .11 -0(3*359 nx nj niQip x^n p 
^nix ntfta '•nnia p ,p§ jjni^? pnx ^tjj.^k Vai«ntato 

— 48 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 

,p *i3 ? ntriKi dtw /in ^ 0*n .12 .nn^n *niK nr6&h 

j.. T - ; .- 1 . ..-. t.jt- • t:t: 

D^p oniy \d nr .15 ? rro»n to? onto np<b w« n^ a 

irnfiy] «sj> Tift na •sfcnafrjffro -is .rv»33 nits6 on^yi 

•y»5k ^8 mean toy rof>n Ibn <3 w* .17 

•t v TjT : - v t:t • • Kp 

1. When will you (w. s.) leave our city ? 2. I 
intended to leave it to-day, but my dear aunt (she) is 
still sick, therefore I have to stay here a few days more. 
3. Don't (f. §.) stand on my bed, because if you break 
it, our father will punish you. 4. Why do you (f. s.) leave 
us'alone, and you*don't go with us to the woods ? 5. Because 
the child (m.) (he) is still sick, therefore I to stay home (in 
the house) to watch him. 6. Our dear mother is going 
with us to-day to the village. 7. This little boy is always 
breaking my pens, therefore I don't love him; even his 
brothers do not love him, because he breaks their pens 
also. 8. Why did you (f. s.) leave that child (m.) alone 
in your room ? 9. Not I but our brother left him there 
alone, and he tore my books. 10. Our aunt does not go 
with us to the garden, because her mother went with 
her to the old woman that lives in the village. 11. Be- 
cause you (m. p.) went with your friends to the woods 
and you did not finish your lessons, your father will 
punish you. 12. Her brother is as big as I, but I am bet- 
ter and more diligent than he [is]. 13. Because you if. 
p.) tore my copy-book, your father will punish you. 

— 49 - 



. n : t w « i mw nnDp 



24. 

The 's denoting possession is not used in Hebrew. 

When two nouns are closely connected, the first 
is said to be in the Construct State (rWED)* and the se- 
cond in the Possessive Case, as: ^Tfa ft, the garden of my 

uncle, or my uncle's garden. 

The noun in the construct state drops the article, 
and remains either unchanged or undergoes a change in 
its vowel, as: 

DiTtoK n^j The daughter of Abraham, Abraham's 

tt: ■«■ 

daughter. 

"Otf H^j The house of my father, my father's house 

The feminine singular termination n is changed 
into n when in construction, as: rTTfaj HIH- 

T 

The mascuhne plural termination £p is changed 
into i when in the construct state, as: D^Tfaj ^Tfa. 



Nouns which undergo a change in their vowels 
are given in the following table. 



Constr. 


Absolute. 


Constr. 


Absolute. x ) 


'n« 


T 


ffrS 


jinx 


r\% 




^ 


ix 

T 



1) A noun which is not connected with a following noun is said to be 
in the ABSOLUTE STATE. 

- 50 — 



FIEST YEAR IN HEBKEW 



Constr. 




Absolute. 


Constr. 


Absolute. 


*&- 




■t : 


n 


15 


^M 




• t~: 


ta "D. 


"1p. 


15a 






jn<# 


It: •. 


nhjtt 




rfnv r i 


-C5? 


aroo 

t : • 


ntoo 




T ~ 


ninx 


rvinx 

T 


nirfci 




nirfo 


ro$5 


n#x 

T ' 


r.instf 




t : 


1JU 


D1J) 


nvn^ 




rrnx 


tns 


D*ma 

• t: 


nto 




T 


*l£)D 


D*TBD 

•t : 


red, (ni- 


,n % - 


t .-: t 


to pluck 


UP, "f^ 


green, (pft 


■ ,& 


- ,nprrt prr 1 

1 t : 1 t 


to help, 


aid, itV 

T 


;vise, smart, ( 


W 'i 


a\nMn)tDn 

TT-: TT 


story, tale, t^D 



&in .2 ?wix Tina nrap iaf*n Tjntn tfwi wri ^ * 

h'T — :- t '- •• - *t- "T 

-xn D^rri nita trx *3 ,inix D\nrrix uma ;nDpn rtx rniD 

tt : • •-: :i — : It't- ■ t 

cmsn ntp bnx ran mty 0» aaa ;umft ao ns" uh .3 

- "*-: t-: • - •'•• •• t- : .•• t !-■ vt |— 

Awi in iSJ kvi jvi "nx wn unna i6inn nmn -4 
.. T . t _ ...... j .. . ,.. ^ 

Da ; inix 2nix ^rx p 1 ? pimptf nx jnv uwn naf? ^rx 
_ ? .. ..... .. |.. T T /.. v *. r ....... .. jV .. 

•minx nana - 5 -Into D'anix crx vnrnxi vnx wvtox 

I ....... . . _. T .. T . _ . T v t ~: 

dw crx mshnn onisen ^x ; ( x tpffih D^-in nniSD ^ 

1) When the conjunction ) stands before \ the ' drops the Sh'va and 
the 1 receives a • 

— 51 — 



. m i p k n niv nn^y 



msnt* n^rns -rip npyn d« ! tin -6 .D*Bhn das Mpm 
.D?nx tfss& won og^ji.^p;. Atoflg Drnja. ngw$ »jjntj 

•nnix tf:i£ noi« tarn /Hnt mi* *mk dj #nniK npg 
*ron ns'j n^in on ; on *jn whn nMnn ht*«n •03 .8 

• t *t* •: •• •• '—• - tt~:- T-T ••: 

rfrm -9 . wntytf n« DHDibi mb^ tiro** Dfeft rDrrrft w ^k 
fm jgig • 10 -]3? ]D nfrnn tea,p;to3 ntoDn jya nio 

t -I : t :- • \~:t v :»•:*- • v v ( v 

bin .12 .d^tk™ D^iiji Q'pi^n D*msng \? nr .n 
rtna n« niy •ntjaa dx -is ? *6n fD^pi^no Dpis cs'jKn 
ntfa oniabn -i* .■ante Bfaya ,rm^' nx nb% ^m 
on own p^i rfp % anij? *jk .15 .^ne &n q«^ tisd:! 

• t-: i-t: vjv "jv^ — : : •• «t: • ::° : 

p nm« .16 .^ on D^^p^i Ana nm nna ^k # 

I" -r - 't *t: i ,# t: t -r- t~ t~: 

^n ,Tniiwa nijpr TrtnK ninstf 47 .n^n p*i D^n 

1. My uncle's garden is not as big as your {m. s.) 
garden, but it is nicer than yours (your garden). 2. Your 
(f. s.) aunt's house is bigger than ours (our house), but 
the rooms in (of) our house are nicer than those (the 
rooms of) in her house. 3. This woman's daughters are 
more diligent and wiser than his sisters. 4. The young 
man that is standing behind us is our teacher's son. 
5. Who of you, boys, has plucked up the flowers of 
our garden ? 6. Not we but your friend's brother did it 

— 52 - 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBEEW 



(plucked them up). 7. Don't (f. p.) help your brother (to) 
study his lessons, because he is a lazy boy. 8. That little 
girl is always eating the green apples because they are 
big, but she does not know that the red apples are bet- 
ter than the green [ones]. 9. The doors of your (f. s.) 
house are old and broken. 10. My mother's aunt is very 
wise; I love her because she always helps me [to] stu- 
dy my lessons; also my brothers and my sisters love 
her. 11. Why is your {f. s.) brother's servant (f.) lying 
in her bed ? 12. Because she is sick. 

25. 

PEESENT AND PAST OF THE VEEBS K'6 x ) 
to find, (mob) N¥t? 

.rfN?to ,D*KSto ;nN?to ,KJtfD Present 

we found, ttKffi I found, ViN^E 

ITT ' ITT 

you (m. p.) found, Dntf¥? you (m. §.) found, nKXB 

you (f. p.) found, jntttD you (A s.) found, nftWO 

they (m, & f.) found, *|K2D he, she found, nN?B ,N¥B 

to go out, tfr to read, (-2 ,n*0 Nip 

t : v 'T 

basket, ^d to call, (n« ^ ,^K) thp 
bag, Mpbj to carry, lift up, tffra 



1) See lesson 23. 

— 53 — 



. m i p « i n j w n •» i a y 



whither, jtf^ ,,-tfX school, n£D WJ 

every, all, whole, (* to 

T 

"a ,^to Tixr *6i ttaa DiM to *nat^ ^tonx .1 
....... . JTT . .,__ _ T . :j _ T . „ 

,wbm naai^ Trip wo -2 .ixis ns* i^sd isoa <nxnp 
?( 2 isdi n^a bx ^ato naa rVhjttn to xto «ito» myj 

vi"- •• v :t t: "t:~ t -: t" . t*:- 

vrfteb •* -ixd \sx ns"v tox w "oiix ,ntop raw .3 

l- : : •-: t— : t-: It- • -: t-*-: -,v •• 

on ; ami ana^i *hp^> nmv xm ; natei n&an ,t6* Bh 

.... ... |.. -p . 7 T . TT -; T ._ .. 

wd -5 .*to inix nana xm Mom nxip ntrx ,aroan nx 

•"- I - - •• t : t ■ ' : v t jt« t v -: t : • - 

i iton n\a^> DiM Dp?to : i^ja /jn /6 dj DB^pp ^ 
nato <a ,ufr mox n-ifcpn ininx tox /?6 sop*? uidk -6 

t:,-t ■ (T t: t t-':- •: -: t~: •: »:• :r t 

wtefos fiSDn rvaiD DiM roar 1 i#xa .7 .iiii ^ Tax oy 

:|-t vf— " ,tt v-:- If.- v I |-T 

nnx ]$b .8 .\bx inix ntott "a ,yb ibki ,toi 'nx nx 

v - I t : T" ': ~: * • jt - t: iv •-: 

Dnix DWij urux .9 ?D*aten -jn 'tfton ™ D^xfriJ 
^/DasR^in ^rx ,*fr .10 tyejt "01 nnx dxi ;nnv.Ni 
uotd DiM -ii .d\j#m mytin to nx dim iDto "to 

[tt - ' t : - • ^ •• -■ T v - : • " T 

ia xnp^ ibtt i« itsteai rwaa nnatf i#x tisd nx 

I:- : • I- v-r : |- •• : t :j- t v -: I :: ■ 

? idm viiix ,ina n s x -12 .^x inix ntofa ,n*>\i imi nx 

Itt- • -: l : * •— '{'•" " : * vr- 

*?x nnx nnix nip 1 ? nmii .13 .p6 xnpb <nix nnto' uniio 

v t • t t«:t tt t •:• t:t p t 



Nferto \:x "wpton 1 5 1 H j?i t^pfej Hfei3 nnx ,12 .14 .ni^ 



1) P3 followed by an indefinite singular noun translate it by EVERY; 
when by a definite singular noun by WHOLE; when followed by a definite 
plural noun by ALL, 2) In compound nouns the article is prefixed to the second 
noun only. 

— 54: — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBEEW 

/rniiancft wssd na nr\y kWj nrw m« .16 .nhani^ onao 

I jv : : - Ijvt : v t - •• t- tjt t : - j t: 

ita ^ xb 17 ? "iddh n^ao atir *iaa DTD^Vi te fcftn 
*nia itij; wn *a ,*jft n^a ^ dx <a ,nn£ ■ftin ^ ijsjdd 
,n^an D"hrm eh Eftnn ttn^aa .18 .*rotf nx nfaW von 
ftirto dm te .19 -mto &toa #irf?tf ,nt3Q ^ inn tea** 

t •• t t : ••• It :\ ' t • ■■ vjv t : 

n"in tea -20 .nrroite^ D<ata n^an te *6 tea ,n^ 

T~ t: ••••••: t- t t-: tjvt: 

.b*ra nn rx ron frian 

T VjV I •• ■.— T~ 

1. I found your (m. p.) basket, which you left 
yesterday in my room. 2. Did you (m. s.) read the nice 
story in my new book ? 3. I read the whole book, but 
I did not find, [any] nice story in it. 4. Why didn't 
you (f. p.) call me when you went out from (the) school? 
5. We thought to call you (f. s.) but your servant said 
(to us) that you went [away] with your father. 
Whither did you go with him ? 6. I went with him 
to my aunt that lives in the new house. 7. In this bea- 
utiful bag I (f.) always carry my books and my copy- 
books. 8. Every father is good to his children. 9. Did 
your (m. s.) sister find her basket \ 10. No, she did not 
find it. 11. When my little brother went out from (the) 
school to-day, he found a good watch. 12. To-day we 
carried our books in a basket, because all our bags are 
torn. 13. Where are all the pens and pencils, my dear 
mother ? 14. Your (f. s.) little sister has broken them 
when you went out of the room. 

— 55 — 



26. 

FUTUKE AND IMPEKATIVE OF THE VERBS #6. ' 
we will find, 8¥fi} I will find, K¥OX 

t : • t : v 

you (m. ;?.) will find, tt*¥pn you (m. s.) will find, tf^pri 

you (f. p.) will find, n:KjM?n you (A 5.) will find, n*?pn 

they (m.) will find, W$D\ he will find, $•£& 

they (f.) will find. rGSXEfi she will find, tf¥Dfi 

t iv : • t : • 

(- (w. p.) tt^p ,(m. s.) ^p 

fmd! { (f.p.) ruK*D-,(A«0 wto 

^ t iv : • : • 

village, i£2 to sin, (-<?) tffcrj 

one, (/.) nn« #(w.) intf etc. tfftnn #NttPI« Future. 

tv tv:v tv:v 

two,(f00ntf)D 1 WV(^0(W)D^ to desire, want, pfcPI 

lest ,jg .ni- rD^- f nign ^.?n Present 
where, (* n£\X etc .pW|jn#f gn ©tc^gn Past 

r -jv- t:j~t v -: • v t: • • Itt~ ^•• , 

*rft ny "-bin "i« ni s n ^ ,Di*n jfri nno ^« inix rfrttfn 

•i~- t*" t •• -:'-■: --'- - : - tit:- - : 

vd ^ pn & nrttn Tpn tea .2 .tjti mm ^tona law 

,. T .. . r- •• - f -T t: *t v :v :t 

n« ia^ D^an YvtoK .3 ♦rvhy^ nnw onyA nnN,( 2 iSD 

. v ; • ...-.- -. ^ T . . T v . .' t: . T v Vj .. 



1) Mostly used with verbs. 2) In compound nouns the plural termination 
is added to the first noun only. 

— 56 — 



FIRST YEAE IN HEBREW 



*rfimxfa s m<b nso n^a nssa r»M ^ nsan n« 3?tfn /i^a 
; *6 nMnp jfo rfwi rabn *3 /in /6 nMtan hnM .4 .D^apn 

• T jt't : T~:l — T :j-T • *" * T |TT t- •-!;- 

*em .5 .^niM irjs. ^ *np : n n#M : ?5 T^ ^i?? *& VS *W 
•*w *mm nami ns* ^ «in tsdh nM mj wp ! mpM 

: t:v: vt • v- •- v t • :»• t'tp* 

? an? 1 ? "fejj piM "3 ,niM *6\ nna inix Mnp# .6 .^ o^t 
n#K3 DniM iT!ii /^jp*j Mft|i;p ^m ^3 -7 -Dpi d^?d 
M^pn ^'ms ^iniM nnn /?£ wet m*? on dh tni ^ *imt> 
nr6i# mm ; mm vnft mna d# moiyn raten .8 -orb 

nnM ,nftoro ntoP "ntf nn^ *?tonM ; nte^ ntins Ton ^ 

-- t : v •• : t : t : v ' t t- • t • 

*b r6tfntf *em^ nnox dImi ; ^ nnMi n-iDpn Mirw6 
bipaspitf vijy sbm nipjjf nM n^ "3fil "9 JE. «^8J J^ 
nM nbft nn •spna n# nrgs ^ /na * 9 -niw vvtog 
cnr6# *6 js^d .10 .^niN tfjjrq ipip ^j,; $tp; J§ /rflptf 
DniM rfttfi? msn - 11 t *aao orf>Mtf ntfM oneon n« ^ 
npb "o ^j;t *6 mi ^rnna DniM ukxb *6 ^a* ,t^>m 

I-t • "ij-t -: p:v : t itt t~: ijv 

npb mil p *3 fHT»xn ^nns.^ ^ mo« nnj; ^« ; DniH 

I-t (•• »v • t •:- ,* # t: • |T t: t t'- t~: t 

ik^ipb vzn nmi ^n^ 1 ' nniso nnn n^o w * ,nnsDn m 

I : • 1 •• t : • t • v t t t 1 -j- • t : - 

- ?nny raw mm ris-M ? -\p*r\ *n ^ra n»8 -12 .ante 

Mnp 2 ? ^ina vsnn dm .u .1^5 nnT^i n^a nat^? mm -i^ 
i : . 1 . . 1 . - . T . _ T T .. . V j V 

^niMM .is -p6 iniM n^'M ,^'nnn neoi itfK bnison nM 

- : - t -:v ' ttv • : • : v -: • • - 

Tsbn nM ^5 n^npn ,pnsD nM m«son dm iniaten 

• - v • • t ,vl: • 'Iv :: • v t jv : • 

•i3 itp'M ns^ri 

v -: vt -1 * 



1) Contracted from the relative pronoun 1CX' 

— 57 — 



♦ n : i w « n m ff nnny 



1. If I find your (m. s.) basket, I will send it to 
you, but not to your aunt. 2. There are only two rooms 
in our new house: one for my parents and one for me 
and my big brother. 3. My friend's father has many 
books, and he wants to sell them. 4. Where does this 
old man live now ? 5. He lives now with his son in the 
village. 6. My good friend, if you find your big brother 
home, please send hin to me. 7. With what did I sin 
against you (m. p.) that you did not help me (to) study 
my lessons ? 8. Because you did not call us, when you 
went with your uncle to the forest. 9. My dear brothers, 
will you read this beautiful story with me ? 10. Yes, we 
will read it with you (f. s.) as soon as we finish our 
lessons. 11. Yesterday my uncle wanted to take me to 
the village, but my mother said that I have to stay home 
(in the house) a few days more, because I am still sick. 
12. If you (m. p.) find my book, please send it to my 
aunt becauee she wants to read it. 13. Our good 
aunt se:^t us two lamps, one for my big sister and one 
for me. 

27. 

PRESENT, PASSIVE PARTICIPLE AND PAST OF THE VERBS H'6- 

The infinitive construct of the Verbs r\"b ends in 

m as: rtop, ni:p. 

In the past, the n is changed into * , except in 
the third person singular masculine where the n is retain- 

— 58 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBEEW 



ed ; the third pers. sing. fern, where the n is changed 
into Hj an( i the third pers. pi. where the n is dropped. 
In the passive participle the n is changed into \ 

to buy, ntipb rnfop-iiJp T 

-HWp ,D^ip 5H|ip ,nj1p Present, 
bought, nVUp ,D^p. ;TTOp /»ttp T Passive part. 

she bought, nnjp I bought, ijygp. 

we bought, i|^n you (w. s.) bought, n^p 

l-lf T l'*T 

you (m. p.) bought, DJI^p you (f. s.) bought, n^J> 
you if. p.) bought, pvjp he bought, n|p- 

they bought, yp 

poor, poor man, vjy to do, make, (rf^vb) Tti&V 
rich, rich man, ytfy to see, (nitn^) H&n 

another, n^n&Dnn«,rnnKnna to be, (nir6) rf»n 

••-: •••-: v,v- ■•- :• t 

we all, all of us, ^3 to answer, (ntil/?) rfttf 
t •. *r t 

you all, all of you, (f.) J^ (m.) D3 1 ?? 
they all, all of them, (f.) fa ,(m.) D^2 

na rrian 1 ? •■man "3 /in^ ^ th '•jn bu vo^n .2 ?w 

:• :j-t • " v t * :|-t t 

*6n fDi^n ^ ^tona jopn Tn« ntep hd .3 .D-Ehnn mso 

_. T . v ) T i T - 1 p T T ^ T ... • t - :- tt: 
• t: 1 -;- t-:i — : v :t [■■: ■ :- t 

ni s n bz aDBh fr6ln nSi ton - 4 ton ds i6n *6 j^bi 

t -t: tt ' _ t i~ 

— 59 — 



♦ m i p a n n J w nn^y 



? Drift pa ^ninx nn*n no .5 .ftino wr tfti intso:-} 

v : I-:. I: -: t-:t t :v tt : t ■ s 

•dvh ny Dntoa nnto *ft ntaw ,DTns d$ nrwi K\n .6 

v : t-:t v -: *t: t t~:t 

ttto xb .8 ?n^ten "vobr\ ^tonx na on^n oston -7 
JT , _ _ . .- .... ,. ..... ...... 

nmn .9 .n^in n\n ^,rtenSn tib ppn ipjr ^.rta im 

T "T V TT TT It'T" ' • * J'T 

5D^tel D^MH Dtol/D^n DV-3 Eh pfc ;HXO rMP D$ n^i-VT 

: • t— : t\: •- t •• t ' : t. t v,y - 

,nw Ton nn«o ww n^lp pb anso rvoa nnoft rrfla 
late nswi nnton n« inmn .10 -nim^i ntnp ,D^ft£)y 

v -: tt- t :- v lv • :- : I :• * • : v 

w»*n fp .11 ivroii nn\n iews rrrt^n wfa ft nnjp 

j'T I- [••'•: t:t v -:- t* .t # t ■ t:'t 

^Wnxiscft fsnn dn - i2 -^p^a u?n itstes cvn nnitt 
ni:pb ran ^x •s ft w "do ^n** E^ft ini« ison ^ 
n^ni^ us* .14 ?rnp»n "ra rrinj; nfcfy nx no .13 .ini» 

vjv • -• t' t:™ • ' t '- t ' : - t 

*nm mk ! D^ten "m - 15 -n£)33 ns&n-n vnft ^x :mbD 

• :j-t •-: • - -•• t:- VjV - • t v t: • 

nn&in .16 .Trix Dfpffi. *ft t> t ; &0M\ ^-irep M# e?£ 
; mioh nftx nox rx £fa!?i io'ft btonx nxan fcft n-itopn 

v - t|v -t t :•: :° :v t:t t-':- 

ypiw rnianir nftoft niTsftnn to "3 nx nxft xto„ 
,x\n nbin ^ nnaj? mwm Cf ?nii^nn tos nWj p 

t • t/t t----: ■:-- t: t r '" '" 

D^\o^n ^ D^nn ^io^ .17 -nn^n nnix nto mtom 

• • :- •• ttv (•• : T: j T ~ T ~ T v -: 

nten ^n josn n te H 7 { x ,&vm Dto D^te oto ,0*21 

IT'T - 'T •- T T\ # T'o # ' - 

ft n:ip wm nxo inix 3nix unto jrtrtn to^ ynnm 
Di-vt to stf'p "igini ,DHomi d^ d^sd ny d^sd n^on 

t *-j— : • t : vs • t • • *• -T : • t 

^00 ••nntto nx rft«t* wjn ninx .18 .ons «nipi rnna 

■jv • t : v t-:t f- -: vt •• ' : :v : 

Ip-rn ^xn -19 .nnnx rrrijo ft nn:D oftm ^nnix rtiaah 

li.. T _ „ T viv-: t : t:'t -: t t:t: 



— 60 - 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW 

•n«tn Tin d^i dts b^ ft • ^o y#» rwn 

1. I was in the city yesterday, and I bought two 
nice books for you (m. s.) 2. Did you (m. s.) see my 
new watch which my rich uncle sent (to) me ? 3. No, I 
did not see it. 4. I wrote (to) you a letter but you (f. s.) 
did not answer me. 5. What did your (m. p.) brother do 
at (in) my aunt's house yesterday ? 6. He wanted to see 
her new books. 7. Are you (f.) all here, my pupils? 8. Not 
all of us are here; Eachel was not here yet. 9. Our 
servant (f.) broke my lamp yesterday and my parents 
bought another one (lamp) for me; did you (m. p.) see 
it ? Yes, we saw it when we were in your (m. s.) house. 
11. This old man is very poor; he has many daughters 
and all of them are wise and diligent. 12. What are 
you (f. s.) doing now ? 13. I am studying my old 
lessons. 14. We have been in your (m. p.) house to- 
day but we did not find you; where were you then ? 
13. I went with my sister to our rich aunt that lives 
in the village. 14. These little girls did not know 
their lessons yesterday, then the teacher (f.) said to 
them: "You see that all the pupils know their lessons 
well; why don't you know your lessons to day?" The 
girls answered that their father took them to another 
city and they stayed there the whole day, therefore 
they did not study their lessons. 



— 61 — 



• m i ff n n n a w nnDy 



28. 
FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS rtf?. 

we shall, will buy, rtfpJ I shall, will buy, ryptf 

you (to. p.) will buy, ^pn you (to. s.) will buy, j-ypfi 

you (f. p.) will buy, ru^pn you (f. *.) will buy, ijpn 

they (to.) will buy, ^ he will buy, ,-yp? 

they (f.) will buy, ,ru\3pn she will buy, j-tfpn 

T f vi: • vi: • 

- (m. p.) ypj ,(to. *.) n:p 

' (A P.) rtfUp ,(A *•) Mp 
milk ,±>n to weep, (ni3^0 rtM 

tt : • T 

wine ,]•* to build ,(r\U2?) Hi| 



buy 



J 
morning, -0 to drink, (nin&6) Hhtf 

noon, D"Hn¥ word, thing, /-|:n 

•iTt:t t t 

evening ,y\y about, concerning, -Q^ bv 
bread ,Qr6 

^ /ntn rv±a :ro:n DiM rrnn ntfto i^pvi "na .1 
ini« "fttetf 1^3 -2 .wipn nsen -m ^ inte btevfo n2^*n 

• :-t t: *- ,It- V/ — - : *- :•■-■:■ 

nso t6 n:p s ^3 *b toni /H-rn wn (about), nftfc ^ 
kvi :n3Dpn mbri ^ nrtoy no nj w I'ek .3 .ins 

T-l:- t:— • t : t v t • : 

bv in nsstf mi /Tins mn ^k ^ n« nm^ rrcriD 

: t : t - : • : v : tt v -: t v t : t : t : t 

nnM Km ,ron •mn by nni« '•ntfw ^2 .4 .rnbm 

t:t • : t t- *- t ' : J T t: It:\- 

— 62 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEYf 

••sx inix nn^^'xs iftea D^rri ;nc*ixj? ft jw x?in 
•:ftni p nn# mi on 2 ? una teai ft nxip ,un\n ^sft iDij; 

tt: I'f tt -: vjv ]r • -t: t :• t j :• •• ' 

p*> nxo xn i^ to« ,nx?n Tin ^™ n^ ah ift .6 

I-t : Itt t-: - -t t -p •• jT 

•nsn Eftn n*3 ^ft n:oj ^mxi /inix i^D^ uma Dnrsn 

vt: tt r jt •.:• :j— :- :• :--: •-: 

mro ,D^.ns3 Di\"i Dmto D:ft ids i£y'x nnn^n nx rat .7 

: • *jtt:t ~ ~ v : vt - t v -; • t : - v : • 

xj n:p iip*r\ tfoa .8 .nnix tfistfn is oanao ty onix 

t ••» : Itt- ;• t t : : • I v v ••: • '- t 

d^sdh nx in xnp 1 ? un;x nttsn ^ ,n-rn isdh nx }ft 

• - v »:• :j— : ••-: • v- vr— v jt 

rvtotoi nimn nhjtt ^nto ,n:^nn dx - 9 -onon-im dot 

: t 't: ■- : Tjv : • • • r :v - : ■ t- 

;n# .10 .D\sn nnsp p"? n;px /p/rnto bpb n$e#fll 

•V ninfcft iiiM nafcprnyA ns* *ft "3 ,\" \tb\ :ftn snz 

<:x nx\ /nix «awn toi n-rn imn ,*jn /ft x: tew -H 
... _. . — _. v _ T T _ «... T *.. 

nx <nx¥B ini» tenx .12 .ft wnpn -ltfxa D^nx imx 

v • itt vjvt :v :!:• v -.- v:v v:v 

f"rtDl3 nx nsft,, -rob* *nra mift mt^ natDpn "ninx 

t : - t t t • : v : t~ : vjv t -• : - • -: 

Tijnp ^ wTDb ^x„ :niDxi nn:j; x\ni -nnix vftxtf 

•'rr'T I -p t •-: t:t: t :'t •: t • : p t 

*ft s 2 /ninx /son ^x„ :rft ytidk tx ."wnana nx 

-: • : • - t • :| - t t I v : - : - 

^nn|n inx njj. "-0n p .13 ".n-n ^n *?& ijnix afasg 
DitTtta D^^i" on nnp^i ^sdh n^n on^nn ^2 d^^v 

v •• t : • : » vjvt vj- - » : • • : - - t • : . 

dw onwn .(nno^-) mnsn Dift Dnnw rw D^ofti 

• tt # t: _ tt: tt:t - : v •• * •• v •: : 

Dnix ^xi^ nnten ^i^xs ni:y.^ no D^n? crx Dft^ni 
loyn ^x !np s n "m .1 4 -onix ^ijn nnfti; qxip wm nan 

-:- - Itt- *■ •• t "': v ••-:<••! : tt 

^ ,nfty nbj;^ m^j rwx ntso ^ mna n^x ntaon ^j? 

t iv t '-:- t *\ tiv •• t • • •:*.•: v -: t * - *• 



— 63 



• mi pan n*v rvnay 



d^ wja nw omi Dnshnn Dmi .lff.rrfyf 33^6 dk 

•t ("^' : t - • : - • t-:~ * t - t jv t - : • 

■t :~ • T - •• 

1. To-morrow I will be in the village where ClKfcj) 

my rich aunt lives (in it), and I will buy nice flowers for 
you {m. p.). 2. What will you (m. s.) do in my house 
to-morrow morning ? 3. I want to find there the book 
which I have left in your (f. s.) room at noon. 4. My 
daughter, if you cry again, your father will punish you. 
5. My uncle has a big house but it is very old, there- 
fore he wants to sell it and he will build a new one 
(house) for him. 6. My mother said that my little 
sister should not drink [any] wine, but she did not 
listen to her, and now she is sick. 7. My dear friends, 
if you will do this thing for me, I will send (to) you 
a nice present. 8. If you (f. s.) see your uncle in the 
village, please send him to me. 9. That old man was in 
our house this (to-day) morning and ate bread with us, 
and he also drank wine and milk. 10. We will be in 
the village to-morrow (at) noon, and we will see the 
new house which our aunt has built for her. 11. At noon 
when we went out from school, we met your aunts 
and they told us that in the evening they will be at 
your house. 12. See, my brother, what the child (f.) 
has done ! 13. Our dear mother, please buy this beau- 
tiful book for us. 14. Be good and diligent boys, then 
I will buy many nice presents for you. 15. See, girls, 

— 64 - 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBEEW 



what your little brother has done : he took the ink and 
poured it on your books. 



29, 



NUMEEAL ADJECTIVES: CAEDINAL. 

In numeral adjectives from three to ten, the n ter- 
mination denotes masculine (exactly opposed to the termi- 
nation of other adjectives). 

Numeral adjectives, except the numeral one, precede 
their nouns. 



one, 

two, 

three 

four, 

five, 

six, 

seven, 

eight, 

nine, 

ten, 



Fem. 


Masc. 




Const. 


Absol. 


Const . 


Absol. 




nn« 


nrw 


nnx 


T V 


N 


W 


D^ 


-W 




o 


b6# 


b6# 

T 


ng6# 


t : 


•J 


VT$ 


ysng 


ny^jj 


nj^yiN 


•1 


#9fl 


*• T 


ntforj 

'•V* : 


ntston 

t • _ : 


•n 


m 


m 


V I" 


T * 


•i 


yy$ 




mstf 


njn# 


•T 


ntfop 


nipti 


nfim 


n:io# 


•n 


PSfo 


~ i" 


niffifa 


njrcta 


•ft 


1WV 

V (V 


i$y. 


n$Z 


tt -: 


,i 


*.) nijrDtf pi., »jw^ how man y * 


T- 



— 65 — 



. m i p k n n : t? rv n a p 



' : ' ; '• •• ttv I : i • : •• ■ ■ T" 

riniN *np^> ^snn dk ; ^o nvi n&* te« ln« tibd pn 
*?a n« vy-idj *fr nip "u ,Di*n *fri nra t6k inia n^'« 
riMnn «^ ^nnx rm£n pn ^ mso ivaa - 3 -t^dh 
Tip *b 0\i -^ -iXD "nrrtw D^arria ttte ,Dn^nn baa 
dtik vti ^p ft & sfnx ,p £ ?rtop npj ,nvnw o^nx 

• - •• : * ° -: »•• It't *- t-: 

onrraa .6..tf»n *ninx u^isft nabinn rnjnn dj ; niTiK vrch 

•jtt:t- • • -: .'-t: vjv - t*-:- - - ' t- •• : 

tfhti) Dnao Ttihtf. ti«xd nffin rwao "niw itswa 
? on *nb ,*yr\ ,Dnx dwIm ; *vznn n& t^p^a nhartD 

• : *— r * : -: ' t : v : vt I :- : t : - 

n;to# & n-tn •wn t^*6 .8 .dt^ ^ ,aten win >*ft - 7 
wn nnetf rftri-in ina ; ni:a prwi n^a npana c 1 D'oa 

t : ■ t : - t ' - : - : ° t tt:- • t 

vjs npaiK ^ ; in* nip niTparn tsftsh n^pn nin rvaa 

tt tt : - I - *It' • : - t : • *rv ■ ■• : 

DTD^n natan tf" irso rvaa - 9 .'on mnx -ppa D^a 

• • :- t •-: •• ,-: » : •• v.v - *: tv 

nsQpn bnr\ bm ,D*3to nfta nrann D->a ;niTD^n tfem 

T _|._ .. T T _. r T . T T . . . ,, .. T . 

,rrrfaK D3 ,nniK wm« Dunia p^ »nna naiam nminn «m 

t jv- -: - t : — : • w : • -t vt t ~: t tv 

ni:na TDn n 2 ? on D^:ipi ,nni« n^niN prni-ntn n^nw 

t - • t t •• • I : t • -: t |V : - : t jv- 

^ ft • n«£ n-^p «*inn ^inan rvM awn ^xn .10 .ni£ , » 



1) D^JJS means also CHILDREN, and includes both masculine and femi- 
nine, big and small; it is used in this sense only when the relation to their 
parents is mentioned. D' 1 "'^ CHILDREN includes masculine and feminine but 
small only, and is also used in a general sense when no relation to their 
parents is referred to, as: 

or) nV; on D^spn ni-iyam D"nyan -on nn ^a ?n^n D*i5»»n >c^ 

.*rnn •oa on D^iiani »niD (^a 

— 66 - 



FIEST YEAR IN HEBKEW 

njp# #;. BSitztei /^s nipj 11 ArftK #)3. - 12 ? 125^3 e£ d^ 

^ t^ rn tew /Dnnn hmih & rtr> rvaa -13 -d^ 
... .. VjV T . . t _. tt: _ .. .,_ . r - . T 

moty urn-is ^i-iK >p &6 nan ,nirin ruioBh nfcftn rutotf 
man pn fDn wn*? rtoi ,rvhs ptfm d^d mtoj; nw 

nij?pitf )n /Dn^np Tpn ntiffinj rtoto nnjttn jcnig 

,-ran *6 -17 -stDM im^ n« nijrrft rnian tea Ton 

."na ^d rftxyni nihri N i n rfrftan win** vjn 

— t • t"*-:t: ttt t :- -: * •• 

1. My good mother bought 2 nice watches this mor- 
ning; one for me and one for my big sister. 2. Our dear 
aunt sent us two lovely cups; one for our mother and 
one for our father. 3. That old woman has 3 sons and 

3 daughters, and all of them are learning in our 
school; the youngest (girl) is the wisest of all the pu- 
pils in (of) our school. 4. Yesterday evening I found 

4 books and 4 copy-books in a beautiful bag. 5. There 
are 2 rooms in our new house, and in each room 
there are 5 chairs and 5 beds; how many chairs and 
beds are there ? 6. There are 10 chairs and 10 beds. 
7. How many weeks did your (f. p.) aunts stay with 
you in this city ? 8. They stayed with us 6 weeks. 
9. My uncle has 6 daughters and one son. 10. That 
man bought 7 horses and 7 cows yesterday. 11. 8 men 

— 67 — 



• , n • j i & *M m p nnny 



and 8 women are sitting in our house now, and all 
of them are my father's friends. 12. There are 9 boys 
and 9 girls in our school; all of us went to the woods 
yesterday and plucked up many red flowers. 

30. 

FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS *&. 

The *»£) verbs, which are regular in the Past, drop 
the * in Future and the Imperative. 

to sit, stay, ro&b ,Kiti'2fch 

Future. 
we will sit, 2$2 I will sit, $$& 

you (w. p.) will sit, \2#_F\ you (m. s.) will sit, 2^'n 
you (f. p.) will sit, rtfi^fi you (f. s.) will sit, ^'n 

t: ,- •• • : - 

they (w.) will sit, ^^> he will sit, %& 

they (f.) will sit, rtfi#n she will sit, h^ 

Imperative. 
f 0». />•) tt# ,0». s.) atf 

Slt! { (^.p.)n:^ .(f. «.) ^ 

shadow, (etc. ,^) ^ to go out, (n*«6 ,nfcttf) N^ 

•T " T 

out of doors, outside, f^n to know, (nir6 ,Wi) JJT 

together, ^rV /1PP to go ,(ro% ,roi?) 1^ 

before, q^M to go, get down, (hTlSnTfl'fl* 

v,v: -.y.T vjv T 

— 68 — 



TIKST YEAE IN HEBEEW 

how long ? viO Hi; 

••Ann : DTns npiA rnj2 s n Dmxmnx •sfa i:n:x .1 
nx no:x ™ n#xa ^aton ^n ,p .2 ? ^m ,^p nnx m 
unTo x*n npaa nno .3 .dddj; *t6x /nrrft tot anaon 
n^iK atfn Dtfi ,nTiiax tp ^x *6m nx-rn tj?pi p 
d^ at£n nnsan imfa 'px dv dv tit tf>: tx ,nijratf 

t ••••: tjt:- fT v t:- •"" t ' t 

own ^3 rafcft *i:n:x D^anix *a ,anyn ny npan 10 

• • t •• : vjv t :,— : ■ ~: • vjvt * »v j - I ■ 

ronoa nmn *x¥n ^xi /na ^aa x: ^ .4 .onaoa xnp^i 
n.^xa nfajfe no ^n *6 dx "2 ,ajpvi ijhw# as *) *jr;n 
ng .5 .ijnix fr*:jp •s$» T tprpn #195 niton ijnix to*#n 
W*i £ax 1^5 onjwi to xtoi ^ntsoa aatfn Aw /no 
n\a ^x ijto ^ntsop tj. ;abitf ^nfy nnxi /lggn n^ toton 
tttoi /jn ixsnn dxi wtfn ii tot Din *iato *nx .6 ^nao 
.n^an mian DTnan mi n^ DTna wxon DKh ,tct may 
,vh mo» u&k •aa rH33n noy roW nxo i:mx n^sn -7 

,t t:t ••• I- T |— t* vjvt : :/—: ••— : 

/no "w - 8 .wn«0 nx no:: nnto rmnn x*: *6 -a 

- t - (••' •• v : • viv : t 

npto. nn:an ^ ? o^-pap wnpnj D^gn ^v.5 ^n &%?& 
tyniBp Ton Nip 2 ? D^anix d^^j;. nnv: pi p rDjn?^ nx 
n:x^n ^x ^a p^ vnox xSn 1 ^ni:a .9 .n±b tib*\ nw 

t jv - • Ivt • :j~t -: " : : • : -t 

K? IP5^ni ^ipa jasot? X 5 ? )DXi /nix ^x.^n 0303 npnn 
: $h n^jftt nxr p^ ,nvn ^a d^ ,)P3^1 nn^n jynffln 



1) See lesson 18 note. 

— 69 



• mi tr a n n i p nn^y 



t v t*j— v-: *- |v • T | v -: lv::v v t:,- 

wiyn "gjp tf^ wpi /m ,kj ^¥ .10 otrrn jyiiptf 
-nt3 np Di"3 wna iojr ^1 /Dr6 uria te*6 ^n\n \^ 
d« -a en 2 ? natfi *zb ? nnfe^ .antsao dh^h vrv t>e .11 



j 

t; • t t ■ • • t:- :•• "«■ t 



y -j. ef.^o 



Drv*n '3 wnN n:jnn dx -is .^pa wotf n^ tea ,m^ 

v v: • - :- tV ' ■ ' = :t t~: v,vt 

.the p^j? njaspn ,7hiK nisn^ troto *6i p'M 

1. If you are a good and diligent boy, I will go 
with you to our aunt in the village, and there you will 
see many nice and pleasant things. 2. How long, [you] 
lazy boy, will you sleep in the shadow of the trees ? go into 
the house and study your lessons. 3. When, my daughter, 
will you get down from your bed ? get down and go to 
(the) school. 4. My aunt said that she will leave the city 
this afternoon; will you go (to. p.) together with her ? 5, No, 
we will not go with her before we ask *) our parents. 

6. If your brother knows that you (f. p.) were in his room, 
he will punish you; go out, therefore, from this room. 

7. How long will your (to. s.) sisters stay in the willage? 

8. They will stay there 5 weeks. 9. Because you (to. p.) 
did not obey me, go, therefore into your room and 
don't go out of doors before you ask me. 10. If my 
brothers know that you (to. p.) were in their city and 
you did not see them, they will be very angry with 



1) See lesson 18 note. 

— 70 — 



FIKST YEAK IN HEBEEW 



you. 11. Get down from your bed, [you] lazy boys> 
and go to school. 12. My dear aunts, please stay with 
us a few days more, then I will go together with you. 

31. 

FUTUKE OF THE VEEBS i»fi CONTINUED 

Some v'£j verbs do not drop the * in the Future, as: 

to fear, be afraid, $yb ,$y 

.Hfen* ,D^;n^ W Present. 
... .... » T ... .. T 

,ontrp iwn % in&v ,xrv ;n*rp ,n$y jYitm Past. 

,wrn ;ktj ;*n*n ,kt; ;w;n ami jktm Future. 

;n£o*in ,&pvn ;tau ;^ to sleep, p<p ,jfch 

.r\py\n ,&?¥» ni- »d*- ,ni#; ,]& -rfip 

to get, become sick, pfrn etc. vj#\n ,]I^fl ; JE^K -Try 

etc. ^nn ,r6nn ;pfen« -Tnj; to be, get weary, jtf^ ^ 

■ v:v '• *• T ~I T 

to drive, lead, tftf ni- ,D % - fTOr ,yy> .ftin 

bear, (D^) 2*1 etc. ^n ,Jgr»fi ; JWK -Tnv 
man, E1N to can, be able, ^'y 

TT T 

water, qhq .rvfcr ,D^b; ,n^.,^ .nin 
face, d^:q ^\bby'jFbb\Fbb^Fb^ -nw 

to fear, ^£ft &rp -^ ;tfto» ,Drto :^to» 
black, dark, -finti ,teVS^in^OVl 5'^K-Tfl^ 
- 71 - 



. m i tf n i n j » nnny 



white, ni- ,D*- ,r\£b pb 

tt: I TT 

fimntz nxtf? txm xt \*b ,ri\nte w in® run ib»n 

...... .. T .. T |.. T r ... - T .^ VjV _ 

Tnvnx to ftftn t^n /ns /no nj; .2 -tex ini« attyn p 
Vionx rrn *jn - 3 -n^ Trip rixi /issn n^ ^n isa 

:v tt *■' t-: It :-: \y •- •• : :t t: 

■yah ujp" n^x ny unwtf nx nrr u^ ^to inia 

j t: :j-t v : - ,•• - v ~r :j-t: • •• . -.y.T 

i Dfi^n ift ynai Drift ^x m&an nsnx wfctf tftn - 4 

v:--: *- ( - v: v t,t :- v : v • :j-t -: 

•ax ro% uan* &6 .5 ?mn np ro% Dnx dw dxh 

l- VjVT |"T ■ " vTvt vjvt v - • ••: 

/txd Di»n dti t:s - 6 -vh tixh rbtf \nto *3 AJto 1 *6 

: - *t /|vt jt »:• -t j- • :,t 

^tonx -8 .^o ^x rfrin T ,p -7 ?nnx r6inn -wi "in 

: v : •-: v •"•••!•• tt v - t,t- '• •• 

■6 -idx pf? ,D^n tMntf tr^:x ^ d# -ftft *vjn tpvi 

-t l"T • - : • t~: t • '•;•]• T 

*6 "3 /was ■wn bx ,wi Tinttf a^x "xnn ntfxa,, *nft 

tt • • : • - I - t • • : • v -: - 

113 w*n tenx *9 " D-ifctn tea ntotn DmsS-j en uyr\ 

I • • T : V TTT T • Vj-T * T~:T '• *T 

tev x 1 ? ■s fy idx Tnx "ax /ifco vjsd tix^ -nW :n 
•oa .10 -into man t^xn nx x*in xt» ^ ,njn ^ nitytf? 
•s r6nn p «&xn D"&n p nntfn btn zbn nnt# iip-vi 

vv:v iv vj"t -j — I • v : • -: tt •• : Itt- 

tibn #D^jtn ^3 3#3 ^S? ^h? ^Jl - 11 -^9 on Q'VJ 
rx inax Di s n x^ .12 ?mi domd Dining tW 

: v - -t : • -■-■:•• I vt 

Eft onintf dw ^ .14 .^n ^ x 2 ? dx Dii /ron D^n 
^awn ^x .13 .'rin^n Ano p 1 ! ^ha p^n a^n ; d^ dw 
itfsa ns?n5 to ^ ,^no3 n^s^ nxrn rtjfej n^ ^n? 
"nto *niy). /jo, /nx xj a^ .i^ .nnx ^x j^xp nxin 

— 72 — 



FIEST YEAS IN HEBREW 

j *j£ .16 m **i$? onitt ni#y£ b'y Vffjj "? ,«nw# n# loft 

D^n n« d^ wt dk *3 ,njtin rfyxn n^bp oy ^n bK 
Divi ^y. ngft tew *6 fftjteQ ?* .17 .n**?? wj* 
bfonx .18 .n^M\ »£« )§ mx. runft ,n*j en ^ «TJB.JP 
vnnn rtola njy *?ip ••nyBtf ,tftsrt? vnDtf n$s nnra 

• :j-t: v *r ' -J * T ' ' : J" T * ■ *I- T 

*3th noil? top nyj w«nj ,w <p nfcrft *rmr\ *n&BD 

»• ; • •• It' T J™* * I * T! T * .* JTT. T 

*a now nw Ktfn .into vfottf "f rpta nn« neb,, urya 

- T t T T : * .J~ T . T ~ TIT j 

is nto «n ,iniK naah ninna niois nijp^ into r6t£ yok 

IV : "TS 'T " T ! T ~. ■ . T T 

*b w^j TOfen ,innn n$ ^nypg^ n#*t| .via into fetejy 
•nkp n^y^ntox.^ <npj p^ ,ninna nioto 

1. I did not help you (m % s.) (to) study your les- 
sons, because I feared our teacher might know (lest 
our teacher will know) it (nfctt)j and he will 
punish me. 2. How long will you (jn. p.) sleep, [you] 
lazy boy, get down from your bed and go to (the) 
school. 3. That child has spilled the ink out on the 
table, therefore he is afraid to go out of his room, 
lest his mother might (will) punish him. 4. I (f.) 
cann't write the letters now, because I am tired and 
weary. 5. Yesterday my little brother saw a man lead- 
ing a black bear. He feared the bear and wept, but 
the man who led him said: "Don't fear him, because 
he will not do (to) you any (bs) harm (nyn)." 6. Don't 

(m. p.) drink that water, lest you (will) get sick, be- 
cause it is very bad. 7. My daughters, when you see 

— 73 — 



. m i p k n n : w rv n a y 



dark (black) men, don't fear them, because they are 
not worse than any other man (DltfH bsffi). 8. My 

TTT T ' 

friends, when we get weary we will sit in the shade of 
the trees. 9. The white flowers are nicer and dearer 
than the red [ones]. 10. My sister is still sleeping; 
she will not go with you to the forest to-day because 
she is sick. 

32. 

FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS &q: 

The verbs N"£ are regular in the Past and in 
the Present; the letters V'JTN which denote the gender 
and person in the Future have a * ; and the ft quies- 
ces in all persons except in the first person sing, 
where it is omitted. 

to eat, b'DXb AiN-tex 

v:v v: t 

>bs&* \b3$r\ ,*?$& ;^?«n ,b^n ; bs'x Future. 

>iXhb$ »^5» ;^5« ,fe)K Imperative. 
Like 'pix are conjugated i^tf and inN- All other 

T " T T 

verbs of N"£ are conjugated like n"9 and B«a Verbs. 1 ) 

to gather, sjd*6 ,tptf 
; fiJD^J ; tJDtfg rfJD££ ; "SDHfi ^DXn ; *JDKK Future. 

.njsbxn ^ds m ;n:^bxn ,*isD«n 

T • I • • • I ~ t : j v:v : - - 

1) See lesson 23. 

— 74 — 



FIRST YEAK IN HEBREW 

.nfibX ABQM ; '£?« ,t]DK Imperative. 

t . j . . . . v: 

fmit, (ina ^pn§ ,"na) na meal, nrvnx 

peace, welfare, cft$ breakfast^n^nnn^X 

are you well?how do you do, rh tibtifn dinner, D^injCH fiHVIK 

I am weU, ft tffyg} supper, yiyn NTHtA 

t VjVT - -: 

idle, ,ni- W- ,nbv$ ,^?| friend, (f.) rfijrj 

nn? on onio na .^apn n^ D^irn pgwipfeji Dnnso 
rrrtorn -"TrtDh tifrta (* /6 Dftt&i : ft nnDiNi ,d# ot«1d 

v - : v - ,-• -: 1 : t • : : t • : 

t!b-,mftv mip r6«n ovnann .2 ."d^ Dft&, :orft n:fy 
■sfcin ":k .3 .rftm ja onto teari ^ nn« n:i /Dnia b« 

I.. ._. vv:v | v T - t- -: T 

,u&& nnp^ i#n tiao -di by ^rrix ^&* dni mn bx nna 

jv • t : Ij-t v -: ; • - - *. . - : • • ; if.— « t*- 

,1-isd n« vwro &ft niy <2 /ft *o isa ^ ? ft isx no 

: • v • (tt ' t v: T 

m .5 .nnx *isd ft- n:p« riran 15; irriN n^bk *6 dm 

*- ,- ••- v," v»:v vjvt * t: v •: 

io% T^ *ftn nni nfrip ww ,to *rftM rw natW 1 
mnariDift *nj«0 na.6 Hnrrcft-) mron Dift •arnsjw? hk 

tt:t - : -'•• v tt: tt:t- : l*p '•• v 

nasi *nijn oy ra^ft man mn oftn £ton« vttd^ laa 

tj — - * •• '• vivt t--: •-: -: : v ' : |~ T T: 

efts? r»« *a ran wn nBo /nx ffta«n ^x .8 ,%:ft ,mp\-j 
rjD.s: aft .10 ? oyjg ^a n« ^pxn "ns i nft .9 .o;ft 
ria\s .11 .«gsdx "natf D'Tnann n« isa: H^« ny onix 

:j-t t : v • v :• v -: '- t 

1) A form of salutation used either at meeting or at parting. 

- 75 — 



. m i p n n n j m nn^y 



t'tjanK *nxro xto oarvaa wn *6n /in ,Vton« orwi 

v:v • itt : ■.*:••: • /-t -: — : v v ••••: 

atftn wnx nx d^ cnwn .13 .irrii tjd ot ^tona .12 

» - ,- T v t v • :- i" *•: j-T 

in#x n# D3 zinix wxn p. -i4 ? ft oitosfr] fR*0B ^?| 
nx Etopin dx J rngri \ninx .15 .irrcff u?$ "a rwxg y»:qi 
#tnn jnnp *jaa rftxtf "ipx nton "a r6 naxn ,ton wijri 

*■ .It mv ' t-:t v -: *.y - • t •: •• t I •• ' : 

*n-rn wn nx rft nisx rf? .16 .ma nso nnxa npft »aw 

TT- V T ~ VT VJ" T * " -I" "JV »• : 

ttninx dx *a ,^99 n# njp : p T *ft xvj *a ^x. njnF jjr 
jSTrhrft ruinp 1 rtatejj 'C^> - 17 -^x nyrp T n|t?pn 
naa .18 .onnitn nnnx nx uw nAatfrn rum nhown 

t: -jtt:t- - -: v ( t • t:j- : r - : : "t 

iton .19 >rvy. nx law dies fox *a <ift naxurft ttxip 

••t It • v ;'t vjv: : t • jt : t: Ivt |T>t 

TflWwi f nx ,f niax dj ^nix nnx rmnn my: »nn nx 
nx m:& ^sen r^ao uxr ntfxa Dnnsa .20 .^nix ttntf* 

: jt vi"- •• • itt v-:~ .jtt:t _ I •• -: 

.anyn nnnx "inx urraa wnn "a *A noxi rTrtjn 

v<tt - -: - - |- •• : T|v : • • jt : t : I-,- ' •• 

rf> nw% i#x. trx£ dj m T niffle to<\ ,ata ntpjL,^ .21 

nntoa ru2nto*,"ft nfcpx p ft nfrmtfxa,, n&xn ton ,jn 

•H3S0 "inxi aovi yD^ tfgtfn 



1. My dear brother, if you see my friend (f.) at 
(in) school, tell her (you shall say to her) that I will 
be in her house this evening after supper. 2. I will not 
eat the bread, neither shall you (f. s.) (and also you shall 
not) eat it because it is still warm. 3. I will not fear my 
teacher but I will love him, because he is a kind (Sift) 
man. 4. If your (f. s.) friend (f.) asks us about the book 
which you borrowed from her, what shall we tell her 

— 76 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



(say to her) ? 5. Please tell (m. p.) her that as soon as 
I find her book I will send it to her. 6. My son, call 
the poor man that is standing near (^fi^) our house, and 
let him dine (eat dinner) with us. 7. If you are a good 
and diligent boy, your parents will love you. 8. There 
are many fruit trees (trees of fruit), in our garden; to- 
morrow we will gather their fruit. 9. How do you do, my 
friend (w.), where were you yesterday ? 10. I went with 
my mother to my aunt in the village ? 11. Did you see 
my sister there; is she well ? 12. Yes, I saw her there, 
she is well. 13. Please don't (f. s.) tell my mother that 
I broke the lamp, because she will punish me. 14. Why 
are you (f. s) sitting idle to-day ? go to the garden 
and gather [some] fruit. 15. I cannot do anything 
now, because I am not well. 



33. 



Numeral Adjectives: Cardinal Continued. 





Fern. 


Masc. 




eleven, 


*WV. nn« 


ifov r im 


•tf 


twelve, 


rn#j? e»(j#) dt$ 


hlro (*:&) uwf 


>2* 


thirteen, 


7Tp% ftbw 


i&v ntibti 


•r 


fourteen, 


rr&y VS16 


T T TT :~ 


•T 


fifteen, 


rO#B Eton 


tt t • -: 


.•» 


sixteen, 


rnfry. 0jg 


T T T ' 


■TO 



— 77 — 



. n j i ff n n n 2 nn^y 



Fern, 
seventeen, rntPJJ Ml# 

eighteen, rnfrj? rtiiDfc? 

nineteen, n^^y IT^'H 

question, request, rb$& 

life, D^n 

afterwards, after that, jg intt 

How old are you? TT^n *ftf W HI33 



Masc. 

^j; rff)D# .it 

'ivy nytin .& 

month, (D^Bhn) Kfth 

• tt: v, 

year, (q^) ,-tftf 

*T TT 

farmer, peasant, ^tf 

T ' 

field, (nnfr ,mfr) mfc 



I am 9 years old, D\3tP Jjtfn (m) p ^X 

••: *v - - : • • : - t t t • -: •• i- : • •• : 

hvt Tn "$n nin« ^ jtrato obs d^mh d^ ;-nlTDv»n 

•t '• ■• -: I- • t \ * t -: t\ ' •:- 

? map mjp ,rM£te onshn hm -2 -nnn mtern nobnn 

t -I : t*.- tt- * tt: t - v t t - : t t-: - 

^n .is t'-T^n w ^ niMi .4 .D^'in ^v c^t? n:#a .3 

•-: l f -~ ••: - : t-: • tt: t't ••: tt : 

\anvj3 nny. Toipg flap ^n - 6 -n:tf jtM d*£i# ro 
D5 #nha mfrp B^tfih otod ifera njdtf bh ft ; wn isk 

■- t •• : . : • t t t: ■ •• ' t • 

a£ niE^T! &*fy - 7 -^?3 *wftgn ton ;ft n^n d^i nftfc 

: t t *. : • t t: • : t •• • t t t t : 

am - 9 ? rn ^ <d: hm 8 ; unso ftoa mto win 'rvun to 

t -••:••. t - (••: • ••: v T - : 

10^ nno ^ Aft nox mien -H -ino ato nns tea* /ns 

- : • t t (T - t v - : t: • t -: • : 

•ftnn ; mfcn web m Tzftm te ^ wi ,Dnrr*n ny p^ 

!••—: ' vt- |-: :- t :•• t: :tt:t~ *. I - 

ni-M en fcfta ini&3 D?b ife^n to - 12 ? *jn .uga nrij; dj 



— 78 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 



np: -is ?d^* opn *na tjl^k ,d?ej; ^x /-ijdti ••jn ja .14 
,mbj; roW? teix *6 p dx .16 oiyn nnnx inx nj; d# 

V T ' V|VT I" V VT ~ — : — ~ T 

xw xb dx "3 £"iyn nnnx ^ nip fl»aa rrtvA ^y ^ 
■tHJO. ng«?n fc^.unr^-i? -TYix afag* ,n?|a rx \sx "nix 
tr nteoi niXD^ nsa = niBD \n&h rrixco w #• inn bzz 
; riixp? i^rototsh ntop n^j?. n:to# eft d# .18 lun-jaj 
b*vf$ nnx r6x# niy ;nnj>p Trinx ,]3 -19 ?<nx ,nxr j*xn 
rnioisyriN #:.]$# ^3 bin. »ni:n^ n^rix eft n-ir» ^nix 
]y: .21 .rfbta nntyy.^j? b£ d$ .20 f^rjjjj e£ rriois nag 
•na^ runs vvinx 16 n^x p^ ,rf?xn nfrxtfn ^y ton nw 

TT TT" ' ~: I T ~ : V i"T Vj"T •• : ~ - T 

nfr^ nnx ,150 \^ n£ry T njj#jn afc nx-rn n^hjn Tin .22 
,nvnx e6i£i D^nx n^ix eh. ^ .23 .nh^A njio# Dnj$? 
mtotf in *nn ; y&vn nft to n^"x tix win otea ^lam 

: )v 7 • tv •: v~: 't t\ : t~: 

D*Ehn C 1 nE&pa ntfn d^ irnasn i6n vnft .24 .m# mfew 

• tt: t : t: tt : - I t tt •• : v 

•rb Dito ]"x *j 

1. There are 19 boys and 11 girls in our school. 
2. Who is your teacher, little boys \ 3. Our big brother 
is our teacher 4. How old is he % 5. He is 18 years 
old. 6. How many questions did your {m. p.) teacher 
ask you ? 7. He asked us 15 questions, and we answered 
13 (questions) only. 8. That young man is a rich 



1) With numerals 3 means ABOUT. 

— 79 — 



♦ m i p k n m p nn^p 



peasant: he has many fields and gardens. 9. Do you 
know, little girl, how many months there are in a 
year ? 10. In a year are 12 months, is it not ? 11. Yes, so 
it is; I will ask you another question: in our garden are 
4 trees, and under every tree there are 4 chairs, how 
many chairs are there ? 12. There are 16 chairs. 13. This 
morning my friend (A) has bought 14 new books and 
17 pens. 14. At noon when we went out from school, 
we met the old farmer who wants to sell you (m. s.) 
his field (vntSO; he told us that he will be in cifcy "to- 
morrow morning. 15. That girl is very smart; I asked 
her many questions and she answered (on) them right 
(well); how old is she ? 16. She is 12 years old. 17. There 
are 3 rooms in our house « in every room there are 2 
tables, and on every table there are 2 candle-sticks and 
3 slates ; how many candle-sticks and slates are there ? 
18. There are 12 candle-stiks and 18 slates. 

34. 

FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS : £. 

j"fi verbs which are regular in the present and 
the past, drop the 2 in the Future and in the Impe- 
rative, and the second radical receives a Dagesh. But 
the second radical of such verbs being #, n, H, V or "j 
which letters can not have any Dagesh, the J is retain- 
ed; as: :ru drtjN on;. 

— 80 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 
The b of mb is likewise omitted in the Future 

-IjT 

and in the Imperative; as n£N, njSfl 5 tTpj "Hp. 
to come near approach, fltffo fflEfa t^U 

V,VT VJV T 

F u t u r e. 
we will come near, ^jg I will come near, #jk 

you (ro. p.) will come near, }£^n you (?n.s.)will come near, #|fi 

you (f. p.) will come near, rptjfari you (f. s. ) will come near, ^afi 

they (m.) will come near, ^^ he will come near, fc^jp 



come near ! 



they (f.) will come near, ptfE^n she will come near, j#$fi 

t:j _. 

Imperative. 

(m. p.) ^ ,(m, s.) tfj 

(f- P.) ftf^ ,$ s.) *#jl 
to give, let, nr6 ,nn-fhj| to touch, pj 

;h:nj #7nj ;nn: ,nrti ( 2 ;WU Past to travel, gfal 

' TJTl"T':*T TfT ' 'pT ' T 

-tiro nnnj >Dnn:i ; uni to kiss, p^y 

: t Jv - : v - : ' p t • t 

nw >$- '"^ 'iw ; i^ Fut to fal1, ( ' s ^ ^ 

•ftann ^n 1 * ; n:nn *unn ; tru 6sn Air j^snAfen 6s« Fut. 
.nan »up ; s :n ,jn imp. .nAfen,£s^nAfefi#£sn;tej 

hand, (A) (3 fav-p ,- T ) t P.itftSJ/bsJ J^SJ ^Imp. 

1) Verbs whose second radical have a' in the future, do not drop the 2 in 

the imperative and in the second infinitive. 2) The Jv of IH3 is omitted in the 

past in the first and second persons. 3) All the double members of the man's 

body are fern , and have the DUAL termination D* in the plural. 

T 

— 81 — 



.nn^tn n:w nn^y 



etc. ; wn ,mr\ ; Nf N Fut. at, by, T<p 

-rtiKfr ,Wg? ?8P MW Imper. through, for, (etc. ,*jja) 4gj 

far, (ni ,& ,npim) pirn nNis6 ,nKfr-Kfett 

near, a relative, (ni ,& ,nahp) ainp T 

1 

]g rrinan |i^nn t$ ria 1 ? ^a n$? "aisn ^ i <na .1 

W53 a-iya ^tonN nnn vrrft .2 .rmnn ftga ba< 

,.. .. . V < VT . v t:t . t tj - . 

-: * tt: t : •• •• T : It : '• : t t - • v t: t: 

/»jn ^P ns^p jrno .3 .toe. <nix nanfa "a win npn *niK 

<.. _^ T T:j -rr *- j- : • vjv • t* I-- 

]B nth ^ \3x jbp *fr own ,*v3 ttsd nx •wip^ n^xa 

iv t • • •-: It't vjv •- r -t: I ::• y * :'rT v -:- 

ibdh *a r; " ,Tra inix nnp*? ?6 -nn: &6 .4 ? inix mpx 

vj" - • r-y ' :t: -'t ': • j-t **»:v 

„? dvh tea nnx a£v j^no,, .5 .vvrrt> ex -a ston ^ *6 
tirw "tbdh jvaa «a ps, .nsaa afefrn rtii -ni« W 

jV •• vj- •• : • l T t:- •• - • • "T 

,"npaa vnnb naa mnon nvb w iwi ,nvn onoft 

Ivj- • :j-t t: tt:t- : -'•• »: - *: 

."mm inix ana "did dk np„ /nta <b *ibk ,"ia n«» -vra 

VT - ~: * v I- • • -t I" " J' T 

vaeh mwn m* laatei ,mfax dt^ vunpi "nate tk 

:j-t: vt - t:— : ; - t : 't~: '•••: ■ jt't: • :n t 

prnno omxa Din *£K nar nfewa -6 . anyn ny d# 

t : v •• • [tt:t- - • • t :t v -;- v,tt *■ t 

rrbm bx *#an ^ ,te%, :p6 mow na&pn *niro6 nsnp 

It : \ ~ v ' : * - •• t t t : t : t ~ ' : ~ ■ ~.~ - t : t 

".ybv ntfx nioian nx nat^n js ria ijan ^1 *"nna n^'x 

t t v -: - v • : : • I v * : • - : 

rvarfe ^e« nx^ 1 ' to n^xai ,ns« bipn n»o^" x^ ^nn to 
naw p^ ri% n^x nioian te nx niatri ]n^n b& nmi 

viv I "T tt v -: " t v t:t: 1t:\- v t:* 

.pnpnn na^ «m rwn f nato dkh mna m!? nny «m 

T J *" VjVT ' T " * T "T — :~ T-: T fc 

- 82 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW 

nra *a , % tb nnp^ i#x onsDn nx /m /6 xj nto - 7 
•cnnx D-Ehn nm DEh ,npim -pj£ Titaxi mx ye: "idm 

■t~: • tt: •••• t: »t : 7: -■ -:- ■-:*-• Ivj- 

nso nx d^ :nx p^ ^aao-DTna ipj£ "6 nnn: nr .8 

-t: v vt I •■ v 1-t v :- ■ • t: I € -~ • v-: l.f 

,x: inp .9 .Dnowm dwi onisen nx d»-q xnp^ mshnri 

t • : • t : v - : • t - • • - v vt • : • ' t~:~ 

bx iTiijn - 10 -n-j-n Dnix wfeA rf?xn nixD^n nx /us 

- "» tj-- t : vj-t :•- v -t 

*a ,ro njyan ^ on pfc njp^n ^>xi nxrn rrtto ^x njtfan 

t T^j-' - -:_ t Thj- • -: - t:— v t:j-- 

?nnp-vpTrj ,vmh ddtj; rohpn .11 .tfBfex^sa xn nxn? 

■It:- - |" •: v : '• t i :- • t~: ••: • • t**: 

ng^jj) unx ^jrrix n|y pann 0x3 mX£> xvi n:rhp ,jg .12 
nx towste nnM ^irton nil ,03Bi; i;dx *6 .13 .hd# vdi 

v - : v viv : . - - v T . *- _ v T(T • _ . 

/xfrn bx - 14 -onix bxtfx maa im nfryx *fc vd ,vrtox 

• : • - t ~ : v vjv : tt v v:v • - -: 

p «n "3 7top n^ niy la^x *3 ,tt ty th thx nx ,to 

lv »t It viv r jv •• • l-pr - *t I *t ..•'•• 

<2„ ;nft3 n«^ fyn rnpfc "Snferti; nx nn„ ^ -nw jnnx 
"/-ran Qi^ ^Jfl* nx mbft *jx„ ".Tina to*? nx nntpv 

' tt- : •'•* v vjv • -: vjtv i — : •■- 

rnnh u ^W'l ^| ^ 3OT NK rurri* 1 na^„ ,n$j nn;^ 
vngft ^x xi "#a pS> #nxn mo« 'Vra ,nx rwnrn mto 

j. . - .. T . . |.. T .. T t: t • • : - t t: t 

1. If you (w. s.) allow me to pluck up a few flow- 
ers of your garden, I will take you along (with me) 
to my aunt that lives in the village. 2. Don't leave (f. 
s.) that child alone in your room, lest he falls (will fall, 
out through the open window 3. When, mother, will 
you travel with us to the far city ? 4. I can not set 
out with you for the city, because I am not well, but I 

- 83 - 



. n 1 1 ff k i n : w n » n a p 



will ask your (m. /?.) aunt that she should (shall) take 
you along (with her). 5. My good sisters, will you take 
me along (with you) to the forest. 6. No, we will not 
take you (f. s.) with us, because you want that we 
should (shall) carry you on our arms (hands). 7. Good 
friends (m.), don't kiss my little sister, don't touch her 
and don't come near (to) her, because she is afraid of 
men. 8. The man and the woman that are sitting now 
in our house are our relatives; they live in a city not 
far from ours (our city) ; this afternoon they will set out 
for their city, and they will take me also there. 
9. Come near me, my dear son, and kiss me. 10. My 
aunts said that they will give me nice presents, if I 
know my lessons well. 11. Don't take these cups, little 
girls, and don't touch them, lest you (will) break them. 
12. Take (A p.) these chairs and carry them into the 
garden. 13. Please give (f. s.) me a cup of milk. 

35. 

NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: ORDINAL. 

Fern. Masc. Fern. Masc # 

fifth, rv^pn. s&nn first, njiafta. ,ji#«i 



sixth, nW >W second, 0?$) m$ /tf# 

seventh, rvj;\?^ /J?^ third, W&btf r^^tf 

eighth, rwptf *^D# fourth, JTJTin ^jprn 



— 84 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 

Fern. Masc. Fern. Masc 

tenth, rP'Tfety. SypS ninth, JVJWH /JW'n 

From eleven upwards, the Cardinals are used in- 
stead of the Ordinals; as: *-\fry inftl TD^nn? the ele- 
venth pupil ; mljpJt nnXH nil2frlj the eleventh year. 

at what time, riVW i? H iO cent, m^K 

at 5 o'clock, rW'\pnn n^5 candy, D^fiDQ 

hungry, iyi morsel, ^3 

thirsty, tf&¥ work, (tOK^E) ttD*6& 

"T • : - : t t : 

much, rfi*)n hour, ntf# 

•• :- *tt 

a little, tDlJD which, what ? ,iptf ,PIPK 
behold, here is, H5H 
behold, here am I, (mi ,mi) mi 

T" T-" •:* 

; (mi ,mi) mi ; nsn Ansj ; ian /aii 

nw *n&n tw& n« Toft Am ^jnn dx„ : p6 mow 

»•• v •• •• \'i" r " v t "T •-•:•• . T t: t: 

,rtitt»a n^pn^D r6 nn:p $> winx feat ."d? Di* mux 76 
•tMta d^isd r6 nto^i niii rvhijx tyiD&6 km rrcsn '3 

*t : t • :* : ~: ' v:v • t"~: 

\jk i#« ^#n srmi kmht 13 ,"jn ,A nx&n nnx .2 

... v _. . . . - t: • - V • *" ' T (TT T- 

— 85 — 



. rm p k n m nn^y 



xb (mk-) •aix bax ; <nix rvw *6 niy nnxi vto ania 
^ "n^ x^ .3 .TjniK h;m ^ ahan ^x i^xai ^;; t *jxpg 
m#ji dw xin nn ,rfrin vwi <a *rb'y tib ra» /ip»h '■jn 

- v: V •,'T • * : {T I , 'TT- '•" 

I: -: r *r: • :p t • t :.j- t t-: ■ t • ■ • :j-tv 

rraiy rrojn nip? n$x nam w*m rt^nn bx Wig ipsa 
nnb na ^ in xjx : *b max win nnxn -i^xa rwva *:£& 

vjv - • I •• tt • t: t • t~:t v -:- : :• 

Dr6 nb wtyi,ftivan p6 Ti*np -w nxD^n nam "a cd tavon 

VjV t *~t: t:it~ t • t't -jt t •• : T" : • •(- -: 

nhttxn Eton nx n^> *nnj mi ,nnntfi rf?ax xvn ai?m 

-:t •• t v t • j- t - : t : t : t : t • : tt ; 

i:n moa fc6 nt£>xn -d^ddd ^ nto 1 ? >&x ^ run: ntfa 

tt t:t t • t »•-;-• »:• •• • t:t t-: 

"En rAvrfi nb <nn:i x^ ^aix *?ax ,rp nx pfetf? nssn ™ 

t t *:- t • - T • T t - : -t v I : • t : t I - 

^x van tffT^ nn TOn *nx w& nptf ir^xa .5 .n?s 

•-: I •• t t •: "T >-'." ••-: : • 'tt •• : vt 

yyn nx law* nn .6 .(nto)-n*o ^ on^a Dnix nix*6 
D*TfiD Eh Bhnn nsoa -7 -oman inx n^ann nWa 

• ■ •• tt v • : • : *,tt:t - - - '• * : t tt : 

*mjn ninx .8 .^'^nn Teen 'wn ona aten bax ,nam 
dv mn DiM -9 .y-iao n^aa wmn rrmbm hto n^n 
nyti ir« -io .d^h nat^ <a nawte ^a ni^w x^ p^i /^a^n 

tt •• t - • t t : t v *:- I-t :'•*:" 

tV'J?0 d^ kvi Di-\i .12 .n^pi^n nj^n n-in .n i 7™ ,x*n 
nn^san dv ^a bsw xb inD^s ,n^'n ^"nin wn #Ta^n BhSrft 

• •- tt ••: • v < • : - v,: 

iTnim oy rtfnsn "ninx naSn onnxn nnx btenx -i 3 -wfl 

t iv •• • t : - • -: t : t -itt:t - - - : v 

rvbv Wp pb #anya n^fewn nw^n ny Dt* na^i w tiy\n 

T fV T '-»T l"T ViTT • • ~ : T TT - ~ T T : T: T*:j~ 

vut^ Di s n .14 .ms»n na% niy nb trv xb h a noxi i^a« 

• :,-t - t':j— vivt t I" • • -t: ( * t 

iy n^ nx wd^ ^tonx "a n^aa nvt^nn njn^n ny 

'- '•• v • :i-t :.v • vi - • • : - 'tt - * 



— 86 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 

ftft yi$p ]$ .is -nxp <njm .3353 rrifrj?. DTi#n njj^S 
*o KMf - 16 -wnsb n^a *ro rrctonn TD^m nmy viaft 
rwvb by ^a ^ ^rofc6o rw niptf? Tito ntjn ,<m /•fia 
3^m nr6 t£b ]m ,uf\k Dwom b^jn dm /^ wrta 

tt: v iv vt l"v v- • •• : •'••: •: — : t 

t^ d« .rain ftfewi bvd "ib« ,^a -i? .vrcfrn foxm 

Ijvt • •• :- •-:- : v: • : : • : : : 

to iar -"pinis ntm inc, noton ^« #n3&6o ir« rwvb 

t : tv v:v tt - t t : ■■ -r" 

.16 3tei nsi n« na^n toi 

•t : -t : v - : • - : 

1. This is the first letter that I am writing to 
my aunt. 2. My sister Rachel (here) is the second pu- 
pil in our school. 3. Behold, it is three o'clock and my 
friend David did not do his work yet. 4. To-day is the 
fourth (day) of Thishre. 5. My friend's sister (here) is 
the 5th pupil and I {m.) am the 6fch (pupil). 6. To-day 
is Saturday (7th day), therefore we don't do [any] 
work. 7. What time is it ? 8. (Behold) it is 8 o'clock. 

9. This farmer's son is now the 9th pupil in our school. 

10. Yesterday my good uncle gave me five cents to buy 
candy for me; when I went out of the house, I saw 
(behold) a poor man standing in front of me, and 
he said to me: "I am hungry and thirsty, please give 
me something (nft) to eat". Then I went and bought a 
morsel of bread for the 5 cents and gave it to the poor 
man. 11. Your (m. s.) friend's brother is very lazy and 
bad; there are only 14 pupils in our school and (behold) 
he is the 14th one (pupil). 12. At what time do you 

— 87 — 



. m i ff « n n : v nn^y 



(w. p.) go home for dinner ? 13. At 12 o'clock. 14. Don't 
(w. s.) drink (from) this water because it is very bad; 
if you are thirsty I will give you a cup of milk. 



36. 

Present and Past of the Verbs \>y and +y. 

to arise, get up, E>p 

Present. 

.ntop T ,D<ep T ;nop T ,Dp T 

Pas t. 



she arose, nCD 
T, i T 
we arose, ^op 

: 'r 

you arose, jri£p_ ,DflDp_ 



I arose, got up, TIED 

' ; r 

you (m. s.) arose, npp_ 

you (f. s.) arose, fipp_ 

he arose, Dp 

It 

to ran, v*n 

to hasten, v^ 

garment, ^ to return, come again, yfitf 

a cage, 3^3 to come, xiS 

bird, (/ ) (onSlf) ^iS'i etc. ^ ;n«3 ,n«3 ;TW3 :W 

• t:- t t t jT ' • ,T -t 



they arose, *jftp 

to wash, »j-n 
to put on, tf^b 



T * 



song, 
grain of seed, jiyja 



to sing, *ffcp 
to put, Qijp 



— 88 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 

sun, tftgtf a sleep, riJEf 

the sun set, #$ VftgtfQ earth, land (f.) v^tf 

the sun arose, (pxn bv) XV totffl 

• V| T T * TT V jV ~ 

■vhn aitei nnix nofen wi ni^p nis* nn:p *s« i 

tt :• t tjt: tt: t~»: • t :»t • ■ 

-nrfBh rtoix tfvn d^d biSi dtjtu in nofr \jx dv Din 

t : vjv • : j- : • '• r tt •-: : 

vuato •'nop ntfto npini #mna aton nx *mofr Di*n 

•t : • " : J~ * ~ : ~ " " ' : v : • ~ v " • '"" " 

op \jx ipia npas ,2 .na< w ft mW pftip nx nxfr: 

»t •-: Ivj- l v. | — vt • • tjt: tI v t: t 

*h *J£ nx vnin /"as nx toft ,nnr*#n npto tibbd 

-t: -t v l •• ~t: v •• '• • : - 'tt : • t • • 

spix 5»:« p nnx .nban nnnx teixi trftfifri ^x atw» ^tm 

I.. .-. |.. -- i Vj - - -. .. :I T: ..- ... •• p: 

mb ifm *®vh\ 'Mb p^ij /top^n whano* nao nx 
... j.. . ... . T . i .. . i ._ . . . _ _ T . 

m mn w±> D^n d^x unvsn bz nx rixin \;x rra .nton 

v," - •• : • t • t • t:- t v v • -: I - v r - 

ninp nm ^ nn naw nix nm* ri-rapn mfc pn /tf m 

»T T •* • TT TJV " : TT TjV " T "• I~ TT > ~ ' |T 

nn^nn bs mti rftoy tfntfn nyto .inso rttfc 

■ • : -- t • t ••: *v •• : - tt : (••: • •• : 

m£> xn ^x "i^xs .Dnrncrt nnnx bhxb nn^n niTitftnm 

.... T ._. ...-:- *jtt:t - - -: v:v t:it~ • : --: 

neen n^ stf ^x p inxi ,Dnrotn nnnx ft njnij dxh 

VJ .._ ... T .- : ».. --: . |T t:t- - -: • vjv -t 

1#83 ^21 fBJMD ns§ -^ .-rp#ft#n nj^n *rs_n& ngrft 
nxn ttnns# *3 jnrvsn ij^n un:x .4 » ny »no bionx onntf 

tit i-t:- • t-./t- :r :,— : *-i— • : v v:- 

,trn\m zv nxi xm n-in .6 ?-m ^ninx <tx .5 .^ xnp^ 
i<r nna n-in ,on^ ,*ixn .7 .nfien n^o D\sn nsn % nx d:i 

tt t: ••• -t: : vj-- - •• • t t- - ; - -: 

cjifii DTK* nn^'i inii^D ^p "inn onwm ,pxn ^ totfn 

•t •• *t: Itt: • Ijt t : *t: • - : Ivjtt *■ v,v - 

os'tJJ? W ^ito 1 ? /Dnn^sp rn ; d^bh D^nij; onxi fDnoryj 
nnt^ *6n ^nn .8 .nn^n^n- •atoi .d^si Dnn ,> nx ^xm> 

.._ _. .. T t-:,— t:- •••••: v •• : v ••: v -:-; 

— 89 — 



. mi t? k n n a v nn-ap 



&b6 rftinn ■arwn ^k rcAn n^> toi /ifiano ^iana niy 

. . T - | .. * . „ . . _ T _ j _ t : - •• : v * 

run: *6 •©« -2 np nrrfwb bbbh 'rabn tfe .9 inoftaft 

t : t ■ • • I -r t : • : • • :j- t t : ■ 

•rrij;# Eton v»m ^ "ind vijw ^3 h-iw "W nmnn nrcfc ^ 
/nn^n uatf N3 Btotfti ■aw ,rrwi ua^m nr£ vuhp .10 

t:/t- :,- t viv- '" : t~:| — :j _ t: — : • frn: 

; ni-i mn nan vhm -U .mnnn trt^ unijntf n« tfit&i 

v- ll-T- -T tt:t- : j- ' •• v ipi: 

nnxi /Dnn« rfjnatf urw ash ,nK*a npim p«o Nn wn 

— : 't - : ' t jt : : ,T : • viv t 

to m on^n a6n ,Tri:o -i 2 .lrj*£ toy toan tin pgj ja 
rdtfn nates npim nwa hnd ran otoi rap n« ^ 

viv v-:- Ivj - v - : : I t' t t 

*«6 top tea nnn D^rma d& ran inErt inx unnetf 

•*t: • : It It -: •• :- • • :- t ti — • i"t : ■ 

rh*0 "?Di* Di* mn wo n« nfcip nns gn&„ oipn 

T • T •»•'••• I 1 

nfrto^ p\xi„,r6 rug "Atom Dnssnojyv, .usm inix 

: It**: t tt ••: t: • - • l c i- 

te nx ono^> isdk "ns onawn ^ ,rnfei n\rcna nsb^ 

t v t •• : : t t : • t • t • v t - • • :- : ■ 

" ntf dp6 rrn itftf 



1. My good aunt bought a beautiful bird for 
me and I put it in a new cage. How lovely are her 
songs ! I love her very [much] 2. How long, lazy 
girl, will you sleep ? Get down from your bed, wash 
your hands and face, put on your new garments and 
go to school. 3. All the boys and girls are hurrying 
and running to school, but you, David, don't hurry 
and don't run because you are lazy. 4. The sun arose 
(on the earth) and the birds are already singing their 

— 90 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBEEW 

pleasing songs. 5. That old man is my uncle ; he came 
from a very far country ; he will stay with us for 6 
weeks, and after that he will take my sister Rachel 
with him to his country. 6. We returned home from the 
forest as soon as the sun set. 7. Why did not you (m.p.) 
come to me yesterday when you came back from the 
village 8. We could not come to you (m. s.) because we 
were tired.. 9. My sister arose of her sleep at five o'clock 
in the morning, but I (A) did not arise before (till) 
7 o'clock. 10. Why were you (f. s.) hurrying and running 
when I met you in the garden ? 11. I was running to 
see my kind (good) old aunt who came from a very far 
country. 12. The children are sleeping and you (f. p.) 
are sitting in their room and singing; get out from here. 
13. I will go home and put my warm clothes on, because 
it is very cold to-day. 14. My sister got up at 8 o'clock to- 
day because last night she studied her lessons till 12 o'clock. 

37. 

euture and imperative of the verbs v'jj and *»p. 
Future. 
we will arise, QpJ I will arise, o^ntf 

1 T I T 

you {.m p.) will arise, ^pn you (m. s.) will arise, WipD 
you (/. p.) will arise, j-tfDbn you (f. s.) will arise, »o^pn 

t :,l T • ,1 T 

they (m.) will arise, }DW he will arise, ^r>* 

,i t It 

they (f-) will arise, rtfDbfi she will arise, Q*nn 

t:,' t It 

— 91 — 



. n i i ff *m n i p nnny 



Imperative. 

arise! { (/.*.) npp ,(/-*.) ^pup 

,rwn ;W: ;Wn ,t#* ;n*tfn ,T£?n : Wx .t# 

I* T ' • T ' T ' T ' J* T " T ' T 

■nntfn rVttsH ; nnfrn 

T :i" T i-T ' T :i"T 

t :i» j' ' ' J' ' 

etc ^ian #«inn ,xiax .Mia to flee, om 

summer, jwg to fly, tpp 

winter, £)*]ft to turn in, depart from, "fiD 

night, (w.) rtW pl. nW ,W> heart, (nia^ »^) ^ 

f "ID? to care for, regard, ±> tftyb 
quickly, j 

j mnp to quarrel, in 

ba d# at?Ni mnx tj/? tvox ny yox Kan jaatfa .1 
Efwi "jso D^n bx Aja - 2 -n;^ a*i#K spinas pan *&•» 
nata va *na - 3 .jn ^ ^ nfe. *6 *a ,Rjn nin|n 
ray mahn *fr in dj tx ,pv njahn ^ni \nn rfnvzb 

It • t: i t '" ~ t 'It • *T!jT - : l-T t:~ 

■nrv Tfai rTi rS^a Di-n *6x x: to -4 .wix njanxni 

t:- ••-: — v.vt -•• t j I- t:,- : 

W - 5 -tixb \r\tsb n&rx ns»n Ttfn nx W: d#i mn 

• r : -T" :~t v -: vt- •- v -t t: t, — 

arcfa nfc?xa nWa "a ,ih ^xb viix nrt># Tvinx ,natan 

t v-:- t:j — • »t •• • t:t • -: t 

.■arDato nx rvtoV? *rinix ircm /t6k ^on limft n^aa 

I- : - : v -:- I- -:- : k— T ,» T •• • 



J 4 J 

dxi rnfi 11 ^rx DD^ip '•a fDS'W nx vh vrtfn xj ^x .6 
, . VT |V .. ... i . v .. . v IT j. T T 

— 92 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



w *ft btor\$ .7 .D?ft£D nng ^d: rTEft crftip nx ixfrn 
itfxa nijjft no srr aft Di-m /riy^n *?x i:ft nx japn to 
nton itsd n^n ity'xa /"ntia - 8 -na^ mton inix W 

•T" " • t: / t v-:- - : tt v - - t 

nmp nis^ .9 .noftEft nftxEtfYi n:p-rn prrrfa bx ruiori 

T-l: t : • t :,- : ■ : t»-:- Iv : - v t: t 

nfaftnm rftnn nx ♦mjo *iftnn hm urna *?x nay nei 

__. V|V _ .. . ._ T | -- - : j.. .. v tit tt: 

nn^n *natf ntfxa ir« ,DWtfi afta phm nupb ^rcftm 

t:/t- • :i- v -:- l- •'•;-: : t~:~ ':• • :.-t: 

rnna ntrx jftnn nx nns ^by^ nx *a nip nnix t^xo *ft 

: v : v -: I - - v - t I -:- ■ t • ' t ' j t t 

wfr mfam "th torch ifewa .10 .mnnn rwa nsy «mi 

... vt- - 1 t v -:- t 1 - -:- tj-t • : 

."no nv .11 .on*ft torch p nnxi D^Ehn Mtf wvjn ris 

-t - t :-: 1 t I •• --: • tt: ••: (••'•: 

sfnap nx rpx r^T\ ^:| nx prri ^ntssp Dip ? jEhn ^ 
nsDn n*a ^x mno m ntDp^a onix D^ftn Tnhanoi 
via'? mn n^n nx torgn *ft ^ /na ,ift wibK *ftn .12 

'T ., T 

^x naW nton to nxn nan 2 ? ^fift nofr *ft nxi ,nna 

vjvt »i— I • tt: . — r :• !•;•::- :-: vjv- 

,nxD an ,inx aha rx *a ntm m^to op *ft*n nam ,Tnijn 

: "t: • • I •• * tt: t: • >t v,v- •••: !•,-'•• 

Ttfy ron &h«n .13 .nftyo bs: ,int30B rhrb ysn ntfxai 

• T V- -T TiVT" "T T ' ' VjVT » "T "—.~ Z 

*]lina*i ,mrp i#k was a^v kvi |?pn "p; ^25 ; nxp 
ritfft "naa^ ittfxa rftfts - 14 -Tya i#k into bx asr wn 

I • ■ :i-t v-:- T: j~~ T v ~ : " v T 

rhmnn Vtt«m nia nx irio »ntof? jnate ny: ^ip "njoaf 

ti - • itt: -t: v •• - • :,-t : v -- I • :r t 

-D^p onii tffcb «vn /i:n^ ":^ noip pp iy: n-im 

'■ I : • t : t : |" ■• ■• : * " ' t' t *i~ •• • : 

*nnro.DKi ix ft rx ^ ft nox iwn nto np mn n^ftn 

•:i- t ••: t I •• • • -t --• : I - tt Tip- 

n» rt ^x inix qbx^ ft in- *a /^x nxo ^n^x^'i nn^n 
n^'x? n^y : /:? nxp ate ^» -na^}P ft k»K ^ 

- 93 - 



. m i tr k n n^ nnny 



• I - t: • t • - T T Ij- T 

1. My son, don't flee away from that dark man 
and don't fear him, because he is a very kind man 
and would not do you [any] harm. 2. My uncles are 
going (traveling) with me to another city; there we 
will stay the whole (all the days of the) summer and 
in the winter we will come back to this city. 3. My 
pupils, be good to every body (^) and don't quarrell 

with [any] one (man). 4. Please come (/. p.) [over] 
to me to-night and we will sing together the songs 
which we learned of my aunt to-day. 5. We will not 
come to you (m. s.) to-night because we fear to walk 
outside in evening; if you want come [over] to our 
house, 6. How long, lazy girl, will you sleep ? arise quic- 
kly from your bed and go to school. 7. My good friend 
(m.), please tell your sister Eachel that she shall turn in 
to my aunt's house to-night, because she wants to see 
her. 8- Our father said that if you do (will) not mind 
(to) the words of the teacher, he will punish you. 
9. The bird which my uncle bought to-day flew out 
through the open window. 10. My daughters, be kind 
to those girls and don't quarrel with them, because it 
is not nice to quarrel. 11. Please don't (m. p.) sing 
that song, and if you do (will) sing it, we will depart 
quickly from you because your voices are bad. 12. We 
will sing, and we will see whether you (f. p.) flee 
away or not. 13. In the winter the birds come to the 

- 94 - 



FIEST YEAK IN HEBREW 

city because they cannot find [any] grains in 
the field, 14. My brother Jacob sent me to tell you 
(/". s.) that as soon as he comes back from the village, 
he will come to your house, and (will) help you (to) do 
your work. 

38. 

NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: CARDINAL. 

twenty, Dnfrg O 

,dWi &xh onw .aa 

•i~ : "I- : • : v 

thirty, D^g? .£ 

forty, D^riX -0 

fifty, D^pn 

sixty, D^^ .D 

seventy, D^tf -J? 

eighty, tfgia^ .3 

ninety, D^'n .¥ 



five hundred, niNQ Eton 
GlB^ »D^^) TIKI TOO 

t : v : t v : t •• 

thousand, fashx) *6k 

two thousand, ( 1 D ,, Sbs 



time, (DM) DJ?g 
* t: i 
twice, (iQiDM 



holiday, 55 

Jew, Jewess, iTHk? »*Tjy 

language, lip, ,nsfP 

Hebrew,nni»n nefcrvTSB nzv 

tooth, (d^) p hundred, (f.) (-nttO)nKD-p 

etc. n^ fe# ;*J|# /$# ,*$ two hundred, (itfnNB .1 

mountain, hill, ,*]£! three hundred, HiNg t&6# # 

head, top, beginning, fcjfrn four hundred, HIND I/21N •]"! 



1) The D^ termination denotes the DUAL plural. 



- 95 — 



• n ji ff k n m\ff n * n a y 



/niptf jjSoki D^ft?.^ ^¥» ^"r; n^# yttf § -i 
D*#ft nap ft j£D#s - 2 ? W /JLp^2 ft niptf n&2 
rfcatf niy ; mp*n via ,kvi p .3 ? ^n jftn ;rrt$n£ rtfibKft 

- T" : ' t't:~ • • I •• • t -: t v : 

DTPfie ^Jl. crof?# ft. run bfftSQ }4a ; ijniN ^#g nnx 
; hinds rustem ni:r6# hfe6# w te nnni iDntot ncp matem 

'•t :- : •(- t t It - •• : • : t : \ r - 

by ami rvop 12*1 r*na ,p .5 .niKM nixa mpm ni:n^' 
rw ^ *:pm ,nhfox atom D^jnnx ^ trw #n&tn nfc«#n 

v It •»:•: -: "t: *t :- »t l-v Vj"t ••:- 

TD^nn nrw wi ftrtan tin .6 .^d rbxt? "ifew nash 

• : - - T - |" • t- • t -j v • : :,-t v -: vp- 

?in£D n*aa nn^n neai .7 .mso n*aa nnxi D*sn#n 

t-»:- *t • • : - t * : : t 

ni«Q pieh wtot nta6tf :tf*K D^«(inwiN3 0*nrifn 

-jv: -T-: v, : - T -: -r :-: 

T^ JO^Q -1 ° - Dn .^ : '"TJ&KL P?™o prfl rD^ffl D^n] 
nijn *2#np s n *Tft rp .11 tnrw rfrton /in ?Di*n trjn 

'T "• ITT" * I" T,T V "T - ^T 

*wt\ % JB dj |3^\ /»3#5 *:g n^in mate niai BHDytn nxo 

viw rvaa ; navn wto ran nrafc '•ftinn mi &xn .12 
r . ... . . . T ,.. ( .. T . 1.. . T - . T 

Q?nfJ wn n-rn nnqtrj nniDrn. .ninto »3n*fi onto nfsn ft 
*i« nni« ^ mn yft ry * ,^nd '"nte ani« wn : ona stem 
ttn*aa n-ogs w*n n^b f?ion» -is .rnaph una& n« 

I . .. . •(-*:- ■ i* t t:j-- :v t':'t |"t: 

r,« nttn^ w % n^n .1 4 i m n**n ne*« ^nix ^nx^b fc6i 

: • t • :,-t t t,* t •• »: • jt t : 

Ti^nx bs ;nwnn ny^n nan -is .nssnD natftf *mii 

1 iv - t • : - t* - - ' t : - •• T.T v • T 



1) See page note. 

-— 96 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBREW 



; W % Tfiv *W!k} *» nn«) ,nspn rte£ "iM wn wrtmi 

'T I • T • • T • • I **. T ■ T* I** !"*- ■ 

»&n , b$y %*$ .16 -nspn n\;6 ^ ^n&&p mnD Dip 

> T l • • I ■ " • * • T T ** • 

fifth ^ d# noip *d .17 ^tftha mk rfcin dk % 5 ,mp»n 

t •• r • :•-:••• • t»t:- 

niiDi 2 ? ww pVi .dim :n *3 ,irnijn dp *rte ntf .18 ? -inn 

: It:*" I*t: - - • t iv ' t tt 

syztin Bhir6 *mxz wn unxh rutin tftfa m -ibdh msi 
. . . .. ^ _ TV . . . . T TT „.. _ .. . 

D^n? d^sd thp& n«p ajjia *a$ - 20 -^13 B$n artn 

mwn »nafr .21 .^n rnorwi na* nsfr "3 /t» nsfrjn 

t~: — •• : • • tt : v: tt t t • v •• - : • 

1. In our school are now 50 pupils: 28 boys and 
22 girls. 2. In that garden are 80 trees: 46 apple-trees 
and 34 nut-trees. 3. It is 9 o'clock, and you (m. p.) are 
still sleeping; get down from your bed, you lazy boys. 
4. We are not lazy, our good mother, but we have a 
a headache (we are sick in our heads). 5. All the pu- 
pils of our school went to the farmer that lives there 
on the top of the mountain, and his boy took us with 
him into the woods ; there we stayed the whole 
day, because we had a Hebrew holiday and did not 
go to school. 6. My sister went home at 12 o'clock 
because she had a toothache (she was sick in her 
teeth) ♦ 7. In this big city are 5,600 boys and only 
300 know [how] to read and write (the) Hebrew (lan- 
guage). 8. This girl's lips are white because she is not 
well. 9. How many times were you (m. p.) in our house 
yesterday ? 10. We were there twice, but we did not 

— 97 — 



. m-i ki n : t? mna y 



find you (m. s.). 11. I* 1 this city are 2,677 men, and 
1,908 women. 12. My brother is now the 56th pupil in 
his school. 13. And how many pupils are there ? 14. There 
are 600 pupils, 360 boys and 240 girls. 15. In our garden 
are 15 trees ; under every tree there are 5 baskets, and 
in every basket there are 25 apples; how many baskets 
and apples are there? 16. There are 75 baskets and 
1,875 apples. 

39. 

VERBS yy, D^53 ; VAV CONVERSIVE. 

Verbs, whose second and third radical letters are 
alike, are termed D^SS- 

to surround, compass, 2h£ 

;(P03D)P!21D /Q^D) 2D ; rf^D ,ni3D ; "niilD Past. 

' t:t t~ - t - / ~ T j - • . - 

•to^D) ttD ;)03D ,Dp2D ; \XSD 
#n23iD £2to or ntoD ,D\?D rHSD ,3D Present. 



-,,. T- 



; ttbn Ob: ;2bn j-Sb* P3bfY,Sbn ;3bK Future 

IT T ' T'T'jT T ? T 

T i". : / t t iv -. : 

When a verb in the Past is connected by i with 
a Future or Imperative, its time is therby changed into 
the Future, as: FhgfcTl ^b : 00 awd sa#; rvfetyl. iDtfn, yew 

— 98 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 

shall keep and do; this 1 is called Vev eonversive ^\&r\ftn 11 

When the Future is connected by i with a 
Past Tense, it receives the signification of the Past. 
This i is written i before tf, otherwise i; as: ta iDX !, 1 N3 *N2n> 

T - - T "I 

the boy came and said. 

The n of the verbs tify drops when the Vav 
eonversive is prefixed to the future, as: ntPJP, fry*l 

With Vav eonversive, the second in the Future 
of *fl verbs is shortened into except in the first person 
singular, as: ijgjh, sgh Sgw, ngwv 

In all those forms of the verbs \>y which have 
no suffixes the 1 is changed into except in the first 

person singular, and the \ of the verbs *'y is changed 
into , as: tflpS Dp "I; UWft, D^V 

The ■ of yy verbs is changed into in all those 
forms which have no suffixes, except in the first per- 
son singular, as: SD\ 20*1 5 SDK, 5DSV 

T TjT- T TT 

foot, (sbn /brd ^H celebrate, fin 

•j : - • : - vjv t 

eye, (DTJ r^jO TO to measure, tio 

ear, (D^TK r^Ttf) ttK birthday, m^H DV 

•i-:t # :t I vi VjV. 

to cease, stop, ^n banquet, feast, nntjfo 

towards, against, n$njA way, (^^_) /SjTj 

— 99 — 



. m 1 1? n i m p jvi a j; 



sweet, pleasant, Q^ how ? ,TX 

,fewm ,nrnhn dv nx ^tonx rmn n^ttivn wth .1 

-|~ t : - •. v : v t : t T • <- :T • t 

-rrisr ntoo p6 um /rvnijm rrri to tttov^fti nnft 

T T ~ T ! -. T ,V ' "I T jV" T IT" T v : • 

Tahiti ub ( l -raWi nv nnvi th *jn ninx dh ',mth &sm 

it -it- t t:t -t '••• -: - : — : . *" 

*nin&6 nnxi "6 nnx ^niDia Titf nnjp vdk .2 '.n^^ d*£f 
'/Di3D nstsp noia *s xnm ntoian nx'vrinx nam rnaapn 

• t-I: t • vj-- - v • -: tjt- T-i:- 

rvinx .3 .tti&zb tonni *Dia nx p6 uwi /pro r6ip nx xfrni 

-: :' - : v- • v t I-vt :•:••- t » v t •- 

'mnsn rfenn tS tfah ,-nrn ti:6 nspn rrnx nx nary nn 

- it- -: — ViV - - : I t' T" T ,* T V t : t • •• 

■Mfcr n^'xs Dnrrca & /itoi nx iasri nnnn "ftya bs s n 

|tt v-:- -,tt:t- :- y :— t *: 

^nix ttb*i u s( ?x ^n D^n anw tin*np^ «n /teen roan 

it it- |"« :- •- *t: ••• t»:« ,t \y- •• \j 

*ii\W "f unix DH3D jthd -usmb ro% -^ un: *6i tpnno 

:r t it v - '-j - r:-: v,vt it :t : t-: 

■ # wtoo riD &n m^ d^ iDfr \jb on tox ,nnix 

1" T" it : |"t : • t* |T t~: t 

dhmsd wr nson roaa nrxrr wto nx itn nttfxa ™ 

v ••: • :t vj-- •• • • : j» v t v -:- l- 

,iab - 6 ."Yino win ^fti rum ,Tnh nx nvn ms .5 .^Duh 

j -:•,;• t •••: l::v v, - -, - , T - 

■nfej, pv. ^ snxin /j:rpx inix uiib n#xa ron jin nx ,'jn 
TOtoi ^«3 btonx .7 .n\n^ dwx D-nis d# nnwm 

• :j~t v -:- : v *t: • \ _ : • t: t v t: 

'P nir6 to^x ^x ^ja nix^ib ^ jnn x^ dx ;)yxi ? ^x 
nx ^xi nTa^n nwtiz s ^m ^ni^p ipin^ dvh .8 ? nnx 

-:vt • - : - tt - 't: • • .:■!.- i*.-|- - t,t 

. : noKh ^x xn ft i ^nx^ip^ p rjii p nin 1 ! ,n^nn x^xi n:s 

- -•• t~ ' t»: • 1 t • Iv •• • : t . - ••••t ~t: 

$2 ix uh rin^n nv nx :m Di ? n^ i^n^D rfrto itr ^x 

t '•••• l"T :~\ v t -: :-• t: — t *t 

1) On account of the 1 the ** of *\*& becomes a_ 

— ; 100 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBREW 

-i. — . - ~ , - - ; ' 

nx te6 ^nnn vb dk "m « 9 -dtps nwi n:pa rrifisn nm 

• t - : v • ••• • t: -:■*■ vl.-: T|T:- t:- 

.nsr ^« tf>ip "a ,Tnn& ino n^n /»:t&g n-rn wn 

vt jv •• l:J • I ::v •••• -:t : v- • - 

mm ; ybsn rto nx iSxh vrinx hrotf npaa Di-vi .10 

'tit- ' :- viv v :• • -: t : t Ivj- 

w»a n« /mjn ,^b - 11 -ronnn nvsn rtVnn im "item 

. ": • j t. - - j t- I — -: 

i6« n^ .12 .*6 dx wvsd wn biian mm /into *fo* 
j.... . j . .. . T _. . T . . 

^ vnsBri nw nx noto 7i« rm^n ^m *Di»n mew 

•:i-t: - •• v - : v i- t-:, — — - v t • 

"robm isano "rotf rm ^ nto ':x mi ero ^ /nao 

•:j-t: t:-- • :.- t - : • -: — t: '-t • • t • 

^■:p«i nhfaN Piston h£ ? ?rj -ns .1 4 Unix njnp wins* 

• Mvj-T -: • • -: » I-t -t *t:It •■ - : 

•1.™ nap 

1. My aunt bought two little watches, one for me 
and the other (second) for my sister; but my sister, see- 
ing (when she saw) that my watch was nicer than hers 
(her watch), she lifted up her voice and wept ; then I 
gave her my watch and she stopped crying (to cry). 
This morning we went around your whole garden and 
(we) measured it ; it is bigger than our garden. 3. My 
uncle's little daughter fell out of the window and broke 
her leg. 4. My friend David celebrated his birthsday 
last night ; all our friends and relatives came to the 
banquet and gave him beautiful presents; my aunt 
also was there and she sang beautiful and sweet Heb- 
rew songs. 5. Did you (m. p.) measure my room ? 6. No, 
we did not measure it 7. This morning I got up at eight 
o'clock ; I put my clothes on and went outside, and 

— 101 — 



♦ n : 1 ff « n n j p n * n a y 



behold my uncle's son ran to meet me (against me) and 
said that his father returned home and to-night he will 
celebrate his birthday. 8. Friends, compass this garden 
and you will find many pleasant flowers* 9. David, I 
have seen your father to-day, and how did you say 
that he did not return yet from his journey [way]. 
10. He returned [from his way] at 12 o'clock in the 
night. 

40. 

Verbs ending in n drop the ft before the suffixes 

\> n, n, on and in- 
to cut, nhs 

T 

she cut, nm3 I cut, "ftlS 

t : t • i-t 

we cut, SQJ-H3 you (m. s.) cut, ft^ 

you (m. p.) cut, crpjp you (f. s.) cut, rna 

you (A p.) cut, jf}!? he cut, nn| 

they cut, wp 

The infinitive Construct is inflected like a noun. 

our watching, ^Dt# m y watching, •HBfcP" 

I»:t :t 

your(7?i.p.) watching, D5"ip^ your(m. s.) watching, Tpip# 

your (f. p.) watching, nipt*/ your (f. s.) watching, "-pot? 

their (m.) watching, D^DtP his watching, *hp$ 

their (A) watching, pp$ her watching, mp$ 

— 102 — 



FIRST YEAE IN HEBREW 

To the Infinitive Construct the prefixes 2 when, 3 
as, *? to, and p Jta are added ; as : -iy|n iD#2 when the 
boy watched ; wfona, as we saw ; nhlSto J55 rQG&6 nitO 
"!>.5> it is better to sit in the garden, than (to sit) in 
the woods. 

The adverbs 2 and 5 with an infinitive may be 
employed as an adverbial clause of time, the tense of 
which will be the same as that of the principle cla- 
use, as: — 

DTH3 TIXXB , US *Kb2 

• t: ■ ,tt I- - • : v. 

When I walked in the garden, I found flowers 

•t: •• •-: I- - • : v : 

When I walk in the garden, I find flowers- 

When I (will) walk in the garden, I'll find flowers. 

dark, ^'in to rest, J-Q# 

branch, aw Sabbath, j-q$ 

i companion, schoolmate, ^QPI to create, k*12 

heaven, Q*p# God, Wfbtt 

•, - T • v: 

half, f.^n ,ran) *xn /sn li g h t, nix 



ma*n nan dj; ^ni ^ro^teo ^tonK votf mx .1 

; v v- : *-, - V|TT '• ' : - tt ' '- t vj— 



103 — 



. n j i p n n m # n * i a y 



Dl" nx ::n into "a nr - 3 » rr»n :n vh\ na# *ft xto 

v —r i" I |" tt : t - -: 

n^fta ^,snx notfa - 4 -Di-n ^n ny pi irtjft p^i irrftn 

t:i~- : v :t : - •-: r - • - :pT I"t: : •- 

,n*iBfi wo W nna nnx ^ra "iyj nan TV*n 9 \m nx 
jaa wyn nx awi ftip nx ij»tfa vpi i ^pa xipx 1 ] 

I — 't'tv v : — • I :t: * :~ • : t«:vv 

inix bfcfeft natfn bx MTTft ^x anaD pnaa /oa 5 ■m» , i 

: • - : • - I : v t : • I : : t ; • : t,t- 

nan ^m ^ninx na^a .6 .^ed W i^x nsen nai *?y 

Tj-- »T • -: viv: -jv • -t v-: ■.-,••- -: - 

•nxa jnw own nx d^ ^nixna vh ,nnx *nix dj nrcft 

: t • t • •. - v t • : • • :- t ■ • - t • : t 

xvi rvxzn "a ; mift bx n*on naon n^ao prate >rnfr .7 
T ..- : . j.. T v . . T V| ... ... |.. . TT 

-nvb "-impio nnzft n£?x rem m^n nx n^Txa tew 

T .. | .. ^ ... . : - T ...-. TT - t • - v tjv:t: • tv 

tD^D nb nnp^i nntaao rwft i-rcsn x\nn rttptn n#xn .8 

*•: t -'-t: tt • • vivt t:t ■ - t»":~ t • t 

nx -lasftn nmx ^teni nnaab nnrm *n*i ,ninEft d*d 

: • - t :i~ •- t t • • t : • : • :- : • *j- 

nxi pxn run D*D#n nx o^rftx &ha n^ ntf tfa .9 -rftn 

v : » vjt t v : -j- t - v • v: tt • t vr : t : - 

xnp pb ,inaxte bza vatfn Di*a nafen ,cna -)#x *?a 

t»t I"t : - : t ■ *-•••- : — V t v~: t 

*?a nWy y^xi n-rn Di^a nvoitf uroa dh ;na# nrn Dift 

T • * ,-.--•: v- •: :~: - T - v- 

robb ato u -dhW iriiD^'o a^p6 h5db6 ai^ .10 .naate 

viv t -t • - i : • •!••:• j : • t t : 

pa aiya ^na^a - 12 -n^aa ^toa na#a iio% issn n^ 

I— v.vt ,-:v: jt- -T vjv • : • v,— 

vht&f "?naia nrw ns^?,, ;naia*i nniy pp ny: ram ^:\si 

:j- T T~ TIT V " I T»T -" •• ' : ,• T 

*fri wnst^ «".p^ ^nix nn^ ^K„nDK s i npan m -inix 

: i" t : • : • : ■ • t : t • • - -j-^j i-| — 

vhfr\ *jsd nn»an iia6 ^aix xn^ nnin /Ua nnix vtnxd 

• t ••: • t:i — t • t "T t ~: I — t • i tt 

vn!w nx WDt^a wi "«wn ^p nnn nv "iDivn ninsrn 

tt : v i": t : • :- » **t •• : - - t - t ". t t - 

^xnn ,waa Di s n nani^na rTi - 13 •"in 1 ' ^nx na^ ft uidk 

v : : • - ,t • v,vt :j - T 

^ )xia? ^rrijn ft «pa n^'x ntrociffl!) ntewi ni:n§n nx 



FIBST YEAR IN HEBBEW 

-ipiD nApj - 14 .^/i Di" nx ran? wlffy ^« nw'&rr 
wis© n« wto «wte .mr»n ti^>m *mi? Ti*np twd 

/••t : v itt i":v: t-:i — :j- t : — : • it't *t: • 

w\p*\ own ••aw ^ nnn u^^ frw w«toa • wra u^di 

|T i T : • -t •• : - •• -- :n t-i — i" : i"t: i"~: 

dm^a otdik D^nis wipy uxnp nn« .d^jw d^ d^sd 

•t: • \-i # t: :',-t jt't •— :- ■ '". *t 

•nn^n nato u^dS ante Dfew 

t :jt- tit- ,*— : T ViT~ 

1. This morning when we were in your (m. p.) 
house, we saw the beautiful presents which your friends 
gave you when they came to your birthday banquet. 
2. We rest from our work to-day because to-day is Sab- 
bath. 3. Because you (m. s.) cat off (of thy cutting 
off) a branch of the apple tree when you were in the 
garden, your father will punish you. 4. When my big 
sister went with me to the forest, I feared greatly 
[very] because it was dark outside. 5. In 6 days God 
created the heaven and the earth: on the first day he 
created the light, and on the sixth day he created the 
man. 6. My friend (f.), when you return home from 
school, we will go together to my aunt. 7. Why 
did you (f. p.) rest yesterday, my friends 1 8. We rested 
only till midday because our teacher was sick. 9. It 
is better to study lessons than to read books. 10. When 
I went to school, I met my companion David. 11. When 
you (f. s.) know your lessons, the teacher loves you. 
12. My father gave me a nice red apple, and I cut it 
into two (D^E6) and gave one half to my school-mate 
Jacob and the other (second) half to my sister. 

— 105 — 



• n - :n & k n n :v nnny 



13. When you (m. p.) take my book, please don't tear 
It, 14. When my little brother heard that he will 
have to stay in his room alone at night, he feared great- 
ly. 15. When he went with me to the garden, he took 
Hebrew books along (with him) and we read many 
sweet and beautiful stories. 




106 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



Extracts for Reading. 



e -ran n?a# 

into tfts Ttia .rrian rrn fra* ,ainna ibn pnr 
,"n&D *Ti„ "tpmr /rra h-t hd„ ;ini« Wi Tn tnan 

...... . T; i T . . | VT . ,. - . ._ . T .... 

n-r Trefru, "th *np "isd t&i ,rra nan *6n„ .pnr hw 

t,t : • t t« t v," : V.-t: ~» " ~: ' t : • tt 

•pnr nr; "*t5i man *a ,nn« nati dk ^xtrn 

• t : • -Tt • t: -i - • t - v • - : • 



•ibdpi rvs *;*& nap tfwi -io^D ty an nna #"x 
rmbr\ -ten rhrti m wsti isssn n\i> *rrhr\ Arra bran 
: tfwi nx £«# DTD^nn .neon n^aa y$r D*irw tfaaitf 

•t v -:t .. : -- V p - ... :T . t - : . t 

«wwb» ;nrf? rrs; tfvm "?n^ tod nx Pmsbn,, 

jv •• • v t t*t * t : • t I : v t :,- • -: 

."man ns ni*r6 nop «d*id /raft v.^ 

Cnsy "icd jva) 



1) Words to be found in the general vocabulary. 2) Did you teacn. 

— 107 — 



• rm ff m n n :v rvoy 



ypv" >vhy wfa ,ri:x wx^i w i:ftn iiwofift iby 

• *■:- t t -i— v: : : — "*j — : t •• : I . 

" ini*l tikxd w» idk tonoBfi "#inia tik:scd y«„ -ibk 

■ jt t - r : - t : • jt t •-: - t 

nnx -ip ".^i nnx„ idk tofloaft "rw nax» ien apir 

tv m \- T- t- -t " : It:- t- - t I-;- 

un ilinn nj ^ m> : ii^an onn w m ym ,nrvbv nay 

: i't t - - - - - t • - : v '-t v •• -: -t 

mxn n« uru D*nwn "• E*ri&ft D:ft hm« •oIki ,rto«n n« ft 

v:t v :t • t:~ : vt v:v jt: v:t v • 

TIPS nx jm /into "rich rfean n« ESit^n n^i .tosteft 
•bin rm, AwoEft tnj M^n rrwi rw r^pxrb nn«n naten 

v: •• : • I-t . •• - t:v v: i - : - : T v T T .| : - 



*Qrri njyn 



epi> /?ft phdS, inix toteh ,nw mh vsk .n:-ft nnns nnix 

I.. |. T|T " : — TT • T T~ "[-• T 

izW rftfta,, :n»^i nwn «$ "trftfta nwn cpn /a-an 

■tv t:i-- - - -i — »-( — t:j-- - 1- - • • -: 

^b*ft sp ft nn-n n^ w /$$ D-aita DftaNo nam rVitftn 

v:v 1- • t:t I - -t : 'T - ;- •• • : • :pr 

onn Dftanano na toi$ *pn na nny "nnp^ pVi # oh» 

"T . T -.--.. T v:v I-- v T /-- ..||_ T |.. T . 

•"rwn rftfta 



— 108 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



.D?3D1 "!?'.n 



V ,T 



•aims ^ erf? ns phr 

:t • viv - I : 

' : • tjt » 

- ^ip? rnJK to ^ pa 

- .bbxb nnb *b in >s 

v:v viv • i v i - 

(najjn Ticbn -msd) 



•n^Dn -nes 



rntoi ,ns*ox firm -risxn .rnirs nnvt nns lias 

v t - t •• : t :t • " «T T.T 

bvo vn nra -pan ty m *d naro ntexn -d^ vn tib 

*- : T ' V,T T *l~ T : T • - 'iT T 

xsw\ p nin^i n?n *nin !?*$ «i^ rto *6 ^mr\ -n^ 

(i ^ttfni .nir^p d^ nisyn nnjA -nx rm nan <s ^ 

•nnntf ntem nan "S nj; 6y D*&n -nsn nin V« jni« 



(nay i&D*rp3) 



1) As ^3tt*. 2) And cast 

— 109 



♦ n : i v k i ni » nnny 



Drft dm "3 nowo ft n\n *6i w nvi vas ^ ,ft vn 

V.V T | : TT : • T TT • T T 

*ivv ft lnm M npim tto th nth atom Di*n vfi fe*$ 

v i v I- •- It .: ••• t t * • :- v:v 

•ja tea vsn nh?„ -nunn to nno&a n nil -nini:« 

... T . ... T _ T .. .. t : • : It # t -• 

".ft ropa Dnjraax W d^pb pa to*?? ng« "on^n 
nimj Btoncfi r^ima noij; w jpr nam m*) irate \-w 
ft nsfti /:x nm *ft jn„ : tote th id^i .onnfyn nxD 

tit : •-: "T I •• •: -t v - • : * t 

r« Drft D3 n#K ron pn *:ift *3D3 nrft aita ate ? D^pnDD 

I •• «jv - v -: v- M "T™ • tv • : - **t -: !•- : - 

to zm )pft \r\: rvhuxn n&i? ns ,n&v p i#n natoi -ft 

tt- U --T- I -t ~:t v |V v t t I •• "t v -r- : 

( 2 -if? Sto nob irto 



v: t : ¥ - r - 

r\x xhn tm .pttog. 12 ifirb. iTn*t d& nr>x npa 
'a *3 nan id rttAan if n« ( 5 tf^irft te" >sft tes* ,dhd tea 
nrrtJTBi -te« Ktarn ftti| ^ip? "nan p!83 ^? n £ I3n 
D*rfosn n« ytfri dx» = mow nproc ,rua nfry ntr*? na 

• v:t v • t • t: t: It~:t t: t t v -: 

•nsn p rr ns fewrtp6 te^n w »nnp^ nt?a 

— I • I :t v • : ~ t t : 1 -t v -: 



1) One day. 2 ) And happy. 4) Take out 

— 110 — 



FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW 



in«3 CDtf 



j TT 



|T T T jT T T 

IViV •" T V|V 

.nMM ?6 pin 



* * * 



iTI T jT T T 

— #nm nno lias 

TT T " 

nnix nxn *£* nay 

T T T V|V ~ T 

•roai dp" ^ 

T T T -T 



(PD?»P -0 



,"yu<n by bvfta *nS n#« n*nn tea prnh mi,, 

I VJT T * ' V: TT V -: T~ - T ' ' TT V 

*b *o iom,, >»*n to ^n ry ripjn bjntfn b$ b»sn idk 

t tv: -| — •• -;•• I- ■ r " I . r: *t ~ v • - ~t 

"i n-T3 w rtfc^ "lan to* D«n» rV»&n ptpoin "hh* 

vt t t ":- — :t - • - • - • ■ • • : 

^ " ?ta ip|3 n ^ tyt rxs? ^ ^0 ^ n n ta&> 

."to sfri ir,ix iprt nxn van ^tona„ -to#n 

t : I -:- — :t » •• t : v t * 



1) Lifted up. 2) Continued 

— Ill — 



. m i ff k n niv nn^y 



ysm Ynnx te: ^am hd^h te*i ( la^ wn ,ina tea 

•*inaa 

XT" 



♦rmsrrroi irn 



bins napi* nnx-na n*m Aran nsfr ^y nap ^ 

vjv t:- - tt: -i-- -: * - T v,v 

T * T T |VT * 

? TTfr *i§P? ^nn tx nnx-na ,nnx-na : "ten -iex 

• \ T. . ' . ' T. T . VV~ T 

th^b nnx nnx* dx -nte" wx *teb\ mob xb viatfn 

• nxr *jnri ^x 

nx? teai - ^sd 2 ? nirrt* ^rx ,nsx : nnxn-na roup 

t: : • i- -iv •• vv: t:~t - t/t 

rsn nnxi >^h aaitf n^ ^x •n^ te isdd mx njrri* 

I "T t -; »: • t viv - tt : t -: • — : *i- 

! nnx ^ /in -n^a** Drtf>y ( 3 rhwrb 
rrn^ te rasp nt mnai /?nan *?x map nnxn na 

tivt: t :'t v hv : -|— v t :'t t:~t 



rmnx 

t iv- : - 



ConW n^noinonnj 



1) And he leaned. 2 ) Was broken, 3) To throw. 
— 112 — 



VOCABULARIES 



. n i i v « "i n i v nnny 



Hebrew-English Vocabulary. 



few, some, DHfiX 

eleven, rn#y nnx /ifry nnx 

meadow, tflX 

sister, (nvnx) rrinx 

behind, after, nnx ,^nx 

another, nnx 

where (is), ? JTX 

what, which, irx ,iirx 

how, 'rpx 

there is (are) not, j*x 

I have not, *fp yx 

see n\S rrtfi^ 

man, £r>x 

only, but, ^ 

to eat, ^ix 

farmer, peasant, n2X 

to, at, <?X 

not, <?x 



8 

father, ^x 

to lose, nix 

but, ^X 

stone, (f.) D^nx. pi. ££ 

nut, rtix 

cent, rrn^B 

sir, master, jinx 
man, QnX 

TT 

red, cnx 

T 

to love, inx 

T 

perhaps, «6}X 

to hurry, ^x 

light, nix 

then, tn 

T 

ear f. (d*:tk) ttX 

•,-:t Ivj 

brother, HX 

T 

one, (f.) nnx ,o».) nn# 



— 1H 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBEEW 



Hebrew-English 

earth, land, j^X 
woman, wife, n#X 

T * 

who, that, which, 1$$ 
sign of the object, nx ,DX 

you (s.) } nx ,nrix 
you (p.), jjjh ,nnx 

yesterday, ^tofiH 

in, with, 3 

in, with the, 3 ,2 

garment, ^ 

to come, ^ 

idle, tea 

"T 

before, Dhft3 

viv : 

house, (d^|) n:5 

school, ^£0 n^2 

to weep, f\2Z 

T 

still, nxr tea 

t : 

to build, HJ2 

T 

pi. of na ,ni:a 

T 

, through for, ^t;^ 



Vocabulary, 

these, n^K 

God, UTbx 

thousand, (D^tf) tfa& 

•T . VjV 

mother, (rfeK) DX 

if. DX 
to say, i£x 

T 

true, nog 
see, jh ,x:« 

T TT 

we, OUR 

:i — • 

pi. of ^>x ,nm:x 

to gather, fijDX 

four, jnnx nyanx 

fourteen, 1 

forty, D^K 

meal, niTHK 
t -: 

breakfast, i^n rtfThK 

supper, a-jgn nrrnx 

dinner, Drmn film**, 

•itt:t- - -: 1 

lion, nx 



— 115 — 



. m i p k n rn t? nnap 



Hebrew-English Vocabulary 
who, that, which, n ,H 

T ~ 

he, avi 
she, tfvj 

to be, rlM 

T 

to-day, Qi»n 

well, nfcVi 

to go, *pn 

they, |n ,DH 

behold, here is, nJIH 

mountain, hill, ^n 

much, na^in 



1 

and, 5^,3 ,} ,«j 

I 

this, HKT /PIT 

to remember, -fof 

T 

old, jj5 t 
to throw, p-ft 

n 

beloved, ^in 

• T 

companion, school-mate, ^n 

"T 

hohday, jn 



morning, -jp5 
to create, n*-q 

T 

daughter, p^ 

duck, hnM-na 

t: - - 

big, large, <?n| 
also, even, Q} 
to finish, ^£3 

T 

garden, j| 

thief, ^ 

grain, pyjj 



bear, (Q^) Jft 
word, thing, cause, ^y^ 

T T 

uncle, *rn 
aunt, nth 

T 

ink, "j¥!j 
door, n^H 



n 



way, ^ysj 



the, q ,n >rr 

to introd. a question, n ,H ,PT 



116 — 



FIRST YEARIN HEBREW 



Hebrew-English Vocabulary. 



store, ni:n 

T 

to desire, want, pan 

half, ^n ,Tg] 

diligent, pnn 

winter, tph 

to think, ^^n 

T 

arithmetic, TteBTl 
dark, ^tfp 

CD 

to sink, y^ft 

good, nitD 
to taste, ftj;ft 



to get weary, y j *» 

"J T 

hand, f. (Q^T) T 

TT 

chum, ^v-p 

to know, (nm) j;t 

day, (D^p^) DV 
birthday, m^H DV 
together, YllT W 

t : - -r 



wme, p •» 



to celebrate, j}n 

T 

to cease, stop, ^nn 
room, -nn 

new, t^'in 

TT 

month, EHh 
v l 
sand, ^in 

sick, p6in 

out of doors, outside, |«in 
strong, ptn 

' TT 

to sin, tinn 

T 

animal, beast, ppn 

life, Q^n 

wise, smart, Q^n 

TT 

milk, ±n 

TT 

to get sick, fbn 

T 

window, p^n 

to dream, Q^n 

warm, on 

five, ^n inston 

•• t t • -: 

fifteen, mfrV Eton /itW HBton 
fifty, D^on 



— 117 



. mi ip *m. n iv rvnay 



Hebrew-English Vocabulary. 



already, long ago, *Q3 

pitcher, 15 

cup, glass, Di2 

power, strength, H2 

because, that, vjj 

but, dk "$ 

every, all, whole, ^ 

T 

dog, ^3 
.j. 

cage, ybs 

how many, nSJ 

see 5 ,-io? 

yes, so, ]3 

wing, q:| 

chair, (niND3) ND? 

spoon, hand, M 

village, 1S3 

pillow, 13 

to cut, ril3 

T 

to write, 5ftD 
to, for, belongs, to, ^ 



can (v.), ^jj 
child, nn^ n^ 

t: - vi v 

see ^n r(n^.) ,f£ 

bag, t^p*?2 

because, 03) jy* 

forest, woods, *\y* 

r 

nice, beautiful, ns* 

VT 

to go out, (n«2f) Nr 

T 

dear, ipi 

to fear, x*v 

to go down, descend, ii"» 

green, p^ 

there is, are, g£ 

to sit, dwell, (rQEO 2fc* 

V|V T 

I have, ^ #* 

old (not new), |^- 

to sleep, ji#* 

as, |r 

when, as, Igfttj* 

as soon as, rj£ 1#N£ 



— 118 - 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



Hebrew -English Vocabulary 


very, itfp 


to the, ^ ^ 


hundred, nKft 

T " 


no, not, fc& 


something, pjDtttp 
T i ; 


see ptfK #1*6 

t,t It: 


from, n.KD 


heart, ^ 


food, t?2tto 
t-: - 


aicme, *ft^ 


two hundred, DTlKD 

*|- T 


white, p*? 


to measure, Tift 

T 


to put on, clothe, ^r^ 

T 


why, jqto 


black-board, slate, (riiHV?) n6 


what 1 how ! np ,nO #nD 


bread, Qr6 


quickly, niHD /VJD 


to, for me, mine, 6 


teacher, j-pto wTlto 


at, by, t|? 


copybook, rVT^riD 


night, r66 #W> 


to-morrow, ^JiD 

T T 


1 
therefore, pb 


bed, nt30 

T * 


to learn, study, ^tf? 


who ? ^ 


see joto ,n^ 

" l~ TlT 


water, Qi£ 


whose? who has, ^ 


to sell, lift 

T 


before, at, y*6 


letter, ^rOO 

t : • 


to take, (nnp) np'p 

-1, 1 |T 


work, ro*6D 

t t : 


against, toward, n.Xlp^ 


candy, O^QDD 


» 


see p ,p 


from, than, £ ,£ 



— 119 



. m i p a n m nnny 



Hebrew-English 

sweet, D^ 
to be gleasant, DJ7J 

boy, ^ 

girl, rngj 

Jo fall, ^J 

to carry, xt?3 

pi. of H|\S ,D*l2fa 

to kiss, ptr: 

to give, suffer, (nn) ]"n| 

D 

to surround, ^io 

around, ^pb 

to shut, close, "iJd 

horse, DID 

to depart, to turn in, -fiD 

basket, ^D 

story, tale, ^ap 

book, ^sb 

to number, i£D 

T 

V 

to pass, -QJ/ 



Vocabulary. 

lamp, candle-stick ? JTYfap 

a little, tDJ© 

number, ^SDD 

t : • 

to find, Wft 

feast, nfjtjto 

dead, np 
when ? TiD 

- T 

present, nttlD 

t r - 

please, pray, #% 

to bark, ni3 

touch, pj 

approach, come near, {#'JQ 

alms, j-Qnj 

t t: 

to lead, jft 

T 

to rest, lie, n*L3 
" i 

to flee, d^ 

brook, n n * 

lovely, nDn: 

paper, ^ 

to travel, yDj 



— 120 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBREW 



Hebrew-English Vocabulary 



pencil, ji-||jj 

tree, vy 

lazy, idle, bl£V 

to pluck up, ipn 

evening, 21V 

to do, make, ntPg 

rich, "pEty 

ten, -i^j; ,mfety 

twenty, tn£j? 
now, nny 

8 

to meet, gfaS 

mouth, (ips /S -^) HS 

here, nS 

elephant, ^3 

lest, |g 

face, qvjs 



time, Qpg 



cow, ma 

TT 

flower, rns 

"~|V 

fruit, i^fi 



Jew, ¥^jj 
Jewess, n*"l2V 

t •: '• 

till, 1^ 

how long, *nO ^2 

more, yet, still, again, Tty 

to fly, fcpj 

to leave, 2TU 

T 

to help, iTV 

pen, ^ 

eye (/.) ,(d^J?) p2 

tired, ny 

city, town, T»j; 

on, upon, ^j; 

because, for that, ^jj ^y 

about, concerning, -Q^ bj? 

with, cy 

to siand, ^Jw 

to answer, Hj^ 

poor, ^ 

branch, typ 

to punish, Ettg 



- 121 - 



* m i ff k n 


n . a ff nn^y 


Hebrew-English Vocabulary, 


cold, -]£ 


morsel, n3 


to read, (3 ,ntf) Nip 

: v It 


to open, nns 

"1 T 


to call, (njK ,b) thjD 


1 


near, relative, 2*np 

'T 


to neigh, fos 


chalk, ptonp 


noon, Q^nX 

-,tt:t 


to tear, jnp 

-1 


to laugh, pftt 
shadow, ^ 


to see, nin 

T 


thirsty, xm 

" T 


looking-glass, \sn 


young, 1^ 


head, top, $ni 


toy, jn?yx 


first, jfoftn 


bird, *fjex 


many, D^n 


narrow, ^ 


fourth, nir?! ,T?1 


P 


foot, or.) isbrd br\ 


voice, bip 


1 
moment, second, p*n 


to arise, get up, Dip 


1 
to run, v*n 


little, small, top 


street, 2irn 


summer, ^n 


merciful, E*irn 


1 
shell, nfite 

t ••: 


far, pirn 


to buy, ri:D 

T 


to wash, ^rn 


to jump, ytp r 


to quarrel, yr\ 


to be angry, fry) ^ 



— 122 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



Hebrew-English 
black, *yin# 

T 

to put, q^ 

to mind, care for, sb ti*pb 

to sing, *ptf 

song, rrytf •rtf 

to lie, recline, 33$ 

to forget, nb# 

peace, welfare, Df?fc? 

to send, rft># 

table, fl-frltf 

third, XV&btf /E^tf 

three, |^# ,126$ 

t t : 

thirty, D^'^ 
there, q# 

T 

eight, n$Df ,n:io# 

eighty, D^W 
to rejoice, n£^ 

joy, nno» 



t : 



heaven, D*E$ 

*i~ T 



eighth, rftflpp ,*yD# 
to hear, understand, yb&P 



Vocabulary 

tender, soft, (n3l) ^ 

bad, jn 

friend, (m.) jn 

hungry, aq 

friend, (/.) Hljrj 

only, pn 

to ask, borrow, b$$ 

question, rbtitf 

week, jft3$ 
"l T 

seventh, TVlf2& »T?^ 

seven, 575$ ,nj£}# 

seventy, D^ttf 

to break, ^iE? 

T 

to rest, riitf 

Sabbath, rQ# 

field, TVt 

to return, 3}# 

rough, tttf 

fox, bjW 

judge, tDgitf 



— 123 — 



. n * i p « i m nn^y 



Hebrew-English 

Hebrew, -Qj; n£fr 
liar, pptf 

six, u/# ,r\m 

sixth, rp## ,*$$ 

sixty, tT## 

to drink, nrit^" 

T 

see D^ttf /n# ,DW 

n 

kernel, into, rpn 
under, nnn 

pupil, nm?br\ Tpbn 

always, Tpfi 

apple, rttSfi 

nine, n#n ,np#n 

ninety, D^ttfn 



Vocabulary. 

to obey, ^ or ^ip3 ystf 

to watch, keep, io$ 

sun, #£# 

VjV 

tooth, (f.) j$ 
year, n^ 

TT 

sleep, (m.) rtt# 

second, n^$ ,^$ 

two, ^ ,D^ 

hour, ni*^' 

watch, p^' 

lesson, -fij;$ 

language, lip, nfifr 

T T 

servant, nn&$ 

t : • 

to judge, BJ3# 
to spill out, ^£^ 



Ml I IE 



— 124 — 



FIEST YEAE IN HEBEEW 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary* 



approach, see come near 
arise, nnp 
arithmetic, ]i2^'n 
around, ^2D 

• T 

as, 5 ,«to3 

as, see when, 

as soon as, ^ IgfrO 

ascend, see go up 

ask, b&ti 

T 

at, rb swsb ,b$ 

B 

bad, jn 

bag, wpb\ 

bark (to), nhl 

basket , *?D 

be, rt^n 

bear, in 

beast, see animal 

beautiful, nS* 



A 

about, -)^ ^ 

afraid (be), see fear 
after, nn« ,inx 
again, see more 
against, fl&nj& 
all, see every 
alms, x\S\l 

tt: 

alone, ^b 
already ,^2? 
also, qj 
always, TDn 
and g /| j a ,1 
angry (be), ^j5 
animal, n*n 

T"~ 

another, *inK 
answer (to), riro 
anything, see something 

apple, rnsn 



- 125 



. n j i ff k n n J » rp n 3 j? 



English 



but, dx -2 ,^« 
buy, rfag 
by, *rt 

C 

cage, ^3 

call, *hp 
can, ^ 

T 

candy, D^fipo 
care for, ^ q^ 

• T 

carry, tf^: 

T 

cause, see word, 
cease, bin 
celebrate, Jin 

T 

cent, rrrfoK 

t -: 

chair, ND2 

chalk, jto}£ 
child, prfr ,*6* 

T. V,V 

chum, *h; 
city (A) Tl? 
close, see shut 
clothe, see put on 



Hebrew Vocabulary. 

because, ngW ^ ^3 ,]gl 
bed, nao 
before, &-)$$, \:& 
beginning, see head 
behind, see after 
behold, nan 
beloved, ^n 

• T 

big, ViT| 
bird, niSV 
birhday, m^l DV 

V|V *. 

black, ^int^ 
blackboard, n£ 
book, nSD 

V|" 

borrow, see ask 

boy, 121 
i 
branch, tOV 

break, ni^ 

T 

breakfast, np3H nPinfc? 

iv, - : 

brook, ^nj 
brother, nX 
build, rlJ3 

T 



— 126 - 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary 

do (to), nfrj; cold > ^ 

dog, ±2 come > ^ 

door r6^ come back, see return 

dream (to), tbu 



drink (to), rim 

duck, nnrt-ra 

t:~ 

dwell, see to sit 

E 

ear, jTK 

earth, p« 
eat (to), bbK 

eight, njiptf injiDtj^ 

eighty, D*Jto# 
eighth, ••yetf rH^e^ 
elephant, ^*Q 
eleven, nt^ ITJg 'iTpV. 
else, see more 
even, see also 
evening, ^ng 
every, b| 
eye, jy 



rra 



come near, #2J 
companion, ^jn 
concerning, see about 

cow, ma 

TT 

create, &02 
cup, Di5 
cut, JVD 

T 

D 

dark, -^n /"rin# 

daughter, n? 

day, nir 

dead, np 

dear, njV 

depart, see turn in 

descend, see go down 

desire, ysn 

diligent, |«nn 

dinner, D^rttn ttTVIK 

jtt: t~ ** "5 



— 127 — 



. rm tf k n n : v nn^y 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary. 


for, *jjg ,15 ,b : 


F 1 


forest, see woods 


face, Qvjg 


forget, nbtr 

~ 1 T 


fall, ^ 

T 


forty, O^flg 


far, pirn 


four, prw ,njnnx 


farmer, ^x 

T • 


fourth, ^5*3 ,^7"! 


father, itf 

T 


fox, fyfltf 


fear, frh*» 

T 


friend, rvrfijn. 
j 


feast, nn^p 


from, p ,]p ,nxp 


few, Q*iriK 

*t ~: 


fruit, ns 


field, mfc 

VT 




fifty,! D^pn 


garden, || 


fifth, rwpn ,'^pn 


garment, ^5 


find, fr&D 

T 


gather (to), 5]DN 


finish, -ibH 

T 


get up, see arise 


first, pfcftn 


girl, rqgj 


five, nBton ,aton 

t • -: •• t 


give, |n| 


flee, bU 


glass, see cup 


flower, m3 


go, "ft 4>n 


fly (to), rpy 


go down, i^p 


food, hJHO 


God, o^a 


foot, ^n 



— 128 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



house, rv»2 
how, rptf 
how ! see what ? 
how long, ^D 1^ 
how many, nfifi 
hundred, n*Hp 
hungry, syi 

I 

idle, ^y 
idle, ^| 

if, D« 

in, 5 

ink, n 

intend, see to say 

J 

jew, nni; 

Jewess, may 

joy, nnpfc? 

judge (to) ti£® 
judge, Bgitf 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary 

' good, ^to 
go out, wr 



grain, pjnj 
green, p-h* 



H 



half, ijcn ,"»yn 
Y" 
hand, T ,cpj 

hasten, px 

he, jnn 

head, tftfr\ 

hear, ybfc^' 

i T 

heart, *b 

heaven, D^ID^ 

help, irj^ 

Hebrew, ^V nSt? iTV^Sp HSb 

here, ,iS 

here is, see behold 

hill, see mountain 

holiday, jn 

horse, D*!D 



hour, nifltf 



— 129 — 



• m i ff k n m n * n a p 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary. 


lie, 350 


jump, y'£Q 


life, D v ;n # 


K 


light, nitf 


keep, see watch 


like, see as 


kernel, Tin 


lion, n«. 


kiss, pm 


little, pp 


know, yT 


little (a), toyp 


L. 


looking-glass, "an 


lamp, rrpt) 


long ago, see already 


land, see earth 


lose (to), nix 


language, nfirfP 


love, inx 

T 


large, see big 


lovely, nnni 


laugh, ph| 


M 


lazy, see idle 


mad (to be), see angry 


lead (to), in: 

T 


make (to), see do 


learn, *\tb 

T 


man, #\v* ,D1K 


leave, im 


many, D^n 


lesson, yiytf 


meadow, tfltf 


lest, jg 


meal, rfflVlK. 


let, see give 


measure (to), Tjd 


letter zfqq 

t : • 


meat, fcPJB 


liar, ]^pg 


— 1J 


30 — 



FIKST YEAE IN HEBKEW 



no, x<? 



noon, onnit 

•(tt:t 

not, *7X> see no 

now, nny 

number, "i^Dft 

t : • 

number (to) ^ED 
nut, Ti:x 

O 

obey, ^pb or ^pj ybfc? 

old, ]pt T 

old (not new), rtf* 

on, by 

one, nn« ,nnN 

only,>[N ,pn 
open (to), rins 

"IT 

or, see if 
outside, pn 

paper, n\? 
parents, rfaK 
pass, ni^ 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary. 

merciful, ^ni 
milk, ^ n 

TT 

moment, j;;n 
month, EHn 

V| 

more, Hiy 



morning, *\p$ 
morsel, ^3 
mother, qx 
mountain, "in 
mouth, ng 

much, nsnn 



N 



narrow, *-|¥ 

T 



near, ;yhjD 
neigh (to), blTX 
new, Enn 

TT 

nice, see beautiful 
night, ^ ,nW 

•j- t :r- 

nine, nytfn ,y#n 

ninth, ^fi rH^'fl 
ninety, D^&Tl 



— 131 — 



• n : i tf n n m & nnay 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary. 



question, rbtttf 

quiciy, nnp ,rnnp 

R 

read, (nx #2) KID 

red, nn« 

regard, see care for 

rejoice, nb^ 

relative, i'ftp 

remember, ^i; 

request (m.) see question 

rest (to) ratf 

rich, *v#y 

room, nnn 

VjV 

rough, 2^ti 

T 

run, yr\ 

S 

sabbath, rQ# 

T " 

sand, ^in 
say, -ibN 
school, ied rvs 

vr* •• 

second, *$& ,nW 



peace, U\b$ 
peasant, see farmer 
pen, tot; 
pencil, j"ftsy 
perhaps, *^N 
pitcher, ^ 
please, tf^ ,kj 

TT T 

pleasant, see sweet 
pleasant, (to be), UV1 
pluck up, *ipv 
poor, ^ 
pour out, ^pfc? 
power, see strength 
pray, see please 
present, rttfiE 

TT~ 

punish (to), fcpjy 

pupil, Tp^n 

put, D^ 

put on (to), fish 

Q 

quarrel (v. and n.), ^1 



— 132 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary 


sixth, *$vf ,r\ s $yf 


see, rtfcTl 

T 


sixty, &&& 


second n. see moment 


slate, see black-board 


sell, ibD 

T 


sleep (to), jtfip 


send, pfc># 


sleep (n.), ftftf 


servant, nnst? 


small, see little 


seven, njp# #3# 


smart, see wise 


seventh, *jp3# rh^SI^ 


so, see yes 


seventy, D^JDttf 


something, ntMKD 

T j : 


shadow, ^ 


son, |5 


she, s^n 


song, -?% 9 rrrp 


shell, ns^p 


spill out, see pour 


shut, i:D 

T 


stand, iftj? 


sick, r -6in 


spoon (f.), fi]3 


sin (to), frton 

T 


stay, see sit 


sick (get sick), rfrn 


still, riNT ^D^j see more 

t : 


sing (to), -fl0 


stone, f. pK, pi. D^K 

1 viv • t -: 


sink (to) gift 


stop, see cease 


sir, px 


store, rftSH 

T 


sister, ninK 

T 


story, TiSD 


sit, (to) $fr 


street, aftri 


six, nirttf w 


— 1 


33 — 



• m 1 1? k n m nn^y 



English 



they, DH,]n 
thief, 533 
thing, see word 
think, i^'n 
thirsty, KQ¥ 
thirty, tftjfttf 
this, n.T ,n«T 
those, Dnn f]nn 

thousand, r£?K 
three, nafrtf ^ 

t : ^ 

through, "jga 
throw, phT 

till, T£#ngte n& 

time, DgQ 
tired, s\y 
to, ^ £ 
to-day, DiM 
together, njr /giT, 
to-morrow, ^nD 
tooth, jfcp' 
top, see head 



Hebrew Vocabulary. 

strength, f!3 
strong, pin 
sun, $pg? 
surround, ^hD 

T 

sweet, p*jp 



T T 



T 

table, ]T\b$ 
take, fid? 
taste (to), QytD 
teacher, pnto wTliO 

T 

tear, yip 

ten, nntyy ,-tov 

T T ~t V |V 

tender, *rn 

tenth, n;t^g ^nn^s. 

than, see from 

that (rel.),n ,TtgK /? 

that (dem.), *#inn rK\nn 

then, TK 

T 

there, d# 
therefore, p^ 
these, n|?K 



— 134 — 



FIKST YEAR IN HEBREW 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary. 


W 


touch, y^j 


walk, see go 


towards, HKIjA 


want, see desire 


town, see city 


warm, en 


toy, yy&x 


wash, prn 


travel, yDj 


watch (».), jip# 


tree, yy. 


watch (to), nb^' 

T 


true, np« 


water, q«b 


turn in, ^q 


way, /. «j 


twenty, D^JJ 


we, yrUK 


twice, DW3 


weary (get), yj* 


two, D^# ,trm 


week, jq^ltf 


two hundred, DTIXD 

T T 


weep, nb3 


TJ 


well, agvj 


uncle, Tfa 


wing, £]j| 


under, nnn 


what, ng ,npa 


understand, see hear 


when ? V"lO 

- T 


upon, see on 


when, *]£>o 


V 


where ? n*X ,ri£ptf 


very, nx.tj 


which, see who 


village, nS3 


white, p^j 


voice, ^ip 



— 135 



. m i p a n n j nviay 



word, nm 

T T 

woods, ly * 
i 
work, ro*6D 

t t : 

write, iri3 



English-Hebrew Vocabulary 

whither, njX ,JK^ 
who ? *£ 

who, n n#*j 

whole, see every 



year, rtitf 

T T 

yes, J5 

yesterday, ^foflK 
yet, see more 

you, nm ,m ,d#k /)£N 

young, ^ 



why, jffro f nD^ 
- p tit 

wife, see woman 
window, p^n 
wine, y* •» 
winter, rpn 
wise, n^n 

T T 

with, 5 ,n« ( qjj 
woman, n$K 

T • 



I 



— 136 — 



T T 

% nsD W5 ,mm -mwn noio? X 
|* .Dnin:n d^dis onio? 

v onsen "inoo nu n&raina u ma ymnf> uma onaano V 

♦!♦ p» *wp 5>aa oia-m na ^ oi?a tow ob-iiboi jnwn iw «► 

♦*♦ TOn , o^nno? niof>n isd iin^ n^ ,nnayn nnaon *Bjy i>aa ♦> 

A o^a nan ^uo pa nf>nn> & 

| "oyrifitf njnmwn | 

A •pUJTY n *1Bty •"' nao nw« nam nnyn oy & 

Y rroro nun niaoina i^ap nrn a?ajn mo?n ibd na V" 
♦!♦ naioi n y a popo ,omo$> noro tok— nny vwm ,niyyioi «©► 
♦♦♦ . n !> y i n a <|* 

♦£♦ n*n *>rttDD qui r6nni mm unao irr nnn oj&» <5p 

♦> ^ ina&>a nao> ouion o^ivo nviunai omoo oj ibd via* «► 

A onion nno 1 u utok o^ipoi ,nn n^Ki naon & 

^ . o.Tna 7]in bx nar nana aun{> A 

♦*♦ — .cuyD 15 Ktnae oy vwid — <!► 

Y .?hj CK2N1 ibd ma^i omo> ,onao naioi *£ 

♦*♦ ? >ao *fc>a 3n5»konp &nn 5o? ni>iB» V 

S. DRUCKERMAN Jnnv nw Dvinn Dai , own V 

50 canal st. © .t, nj o«atn ibd tu^i omo? «&► 

Dnfion nnDD no ♦ 



NEW YORK. 



ffltt? 



f 



«*s— 



H 



m i » 3 

.nso na^i d^d 1 ? ,Dnr6 



onaon inoD rra marem pa *a nn ynin> ^k naana 
ns^ ,rm in^vini nypn n« nwaDP n»a Ten nwaxon Aw 
dpi n&jnn mano niao raw 

. Tffitts w nitfTu 

— irtaw may ,nnw : niBtj> twa nnoro nitrn n^aon 

nia-ia ,p^Bn nron iid dj p ;n?xn nia^a D*rwo dhbidd 

. nnpuD moBiim minn 

DTOion Dnaion rhx p^n inoi* nam manon nanya 
o ,nyajy?*n .n .k D^ajyaaB .« : Dm ,Drvi>y Ty» dd^b* 
>5»n nwn .p in .wyw .n in j"Wtty?*n pena ,pii«p^yT 
ipbrajrpK .n / *po«r A - 1 .jvnrr: -w n /pDii«atAiw 
Vi .njn ,-iyao'K .n .3 ,jnid^*o .» .jnyaorjyp .' ,yw .' 

. |KDK?ND 

nn»m D^jnan <jb? n«rn manon n* w» *Mn 
•who nnv nxtn manpa imDn Dim P'bk *a u»mhi wpro 

. m ywpoo Dnmc onsoa 
nanaa qj ,niBnn nvnwai arc tj 5>y hdbij manon 

— •tD^yo 30 mtoon ay rrvno — 

Ana bk3k-i ibd "nn^i omo^ ,DneD naio? 
: NDDyvtKn 

5. DRUCKERHAN 
5o Canal St., New York, 






DEC 9 I! 



